Wednesday, July 31, 2019

How Mass Media Affects Youth Culture

â€Å"Educators are challenged more seriously than ever before to teach young people to evaluate media more critically and to grow in taste and discrimination as they use media in school and at home. † What is it like to grow up in today's world? How are children and young adults affected by the movies and television programs they see, the radio programs and recordings they hear, the newspapers, magazines, and books they read? Modern technology has made possible a wealth of shared experience undreamed of even 50 years ago. This environment reflects fully, though sometimes in a warped fashion, life itself  including good and evil, beauty and ugliness, charity and violence. It is difficult or impossible to shield young people from experiences reflect ing the adult world when communications sys tems infiltrate our homes and become so much a part of everyday living. The concerns of thoughtful adults as to the possible effects of media on young and old citi zens range from the mo re obvious ones to those more subtle. There are fears as to the content of media: violence, lawlessness, breakdown in moral values, and tawdry and explicit sex, for example. There are other fears as to the general effect of a  television-dominated society in which viewers tend to be passive and nonassertive, young people have little time for other experiences, and parents use television as a â€Å"safe† baby-sitter.A proper assessment of the influence of mass media on young people continues to be one of the significant challenges to educators and parents today. Research in this area invariably reveals the difficulties in arriving at sound conclusions due to the complexity of causal relationships. One critic has questioned the findings of all experi mental research in this area because of the impossibility of ever having a defensible control group. The influence of mass media on adults is closely related to their influence on young peo ple, and just as difficult to study. Th e positive values in today's mass media are also significant.Young people today, without leaving home, can hear the world's best music and witness superb musical performances, see outstanding drama and dance programs, hear EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP political and governmental leaders of the nation and the world analyze major issues of the day, and learn of scientific advances and problems. Mass media bring information, inspiration, and  enrichment that potentially improve the quality of our living. Nicolas Johnson, formerly of the Federal Communications Commission, has studied the media environment for many years.In 1971, he concluded that television is â€Å"the single most powerful intellectual, social, cultural, and political force in history. † He also found that most Amer ican families use television as â€Å"the major source of knowledge and values. † Dorothy Broderick, a library educator, has written that media do much more than provide information. She says, â₠¬Å". . . they do have an im pact and influence upon behavior and attitude  formation, even though it is still impossible to isolate in research the precise nature of such influence. â€Å"Access to Television Has Increased While all forms of communication affect learning and living, the influence of television seems most challenging. Television most nearly represents real experience and is clearly a part of the environment of most young people in the United States. Access to television has increased remark ably. Breslin and Marino reported that while less than one percent of all American families owned television sets in 1948, by 1976, 98 percent of  American homes had at least one television set, and 25 percent had two or more.The facts about usage of these sets encourage serious consideration of television's influence. The average child in this country will have used 22,000 hours in viewing television by the time he or she enters high school. Gerbner and Gross re ported that nearly half of the 12-year-olds stud ied averaged six or more hours a day viewing television.Summarizing research on the impact of television, George Comstock wrote in 1975 that children typically view television for several years before entering first grade, that the time spent  with television increases during elementary school years, and that young black people, those from lower socioeconomic levels, and those lower in â€Å"While all forms of communication affect learning and living, the influence of television seems most challenging. † Photo: Michael D. Sullivan academic achievement and I. Q. spend more time viewing television than do other young people. In 1971, it was reported in B roadcasting Yearbook that the average TV set was on six hours a day in the United States. The number of viewers using each set during these hours was not determined.Wilbur Schramm reported in 1965 that by the sixth grade children spend 79 percent of their viewing time watching adult progra ms. Many adults are known to spend time viewing cartoons and adventure programs intended for children. To determine the experience that children or young adults have through television, one must con sider the whole range of television programs, in cluding those intended chiefly for adults: news shows, comedies, variety shows, cartoons, motion pictures, documentaries, serious drama, sports events, music, advertisements, and other types shown on commercial, public, and political pro  grams.The current concern about effects of violence and crime as depicted on television was highAPRIL 1978 527 reality and fantasy, use of violence to sell prod ucts, and censorship. † Dr. Richard E. Palmer, a president of the American Medical Association, has said that tele vision violence is â€Å"a mental health problem and an environmental issue. † He feels that large ex posure to violent content may distort a child's perceptions of the real world and adversely affect his psychological development. Action for Children's Television (ACT) is a national citizens' organization to upgrade the  quality of children's T. V.In 1976, among their â€Å"Bent Antennae Awards† were the â€Å"Getting Away with Murder Award† to broadcasters who use violence to attract child viewers and the â€Å"Nero Fiddles While Rome Burns Award† to broadcasters who talk about the need to reduce TV violence while continuing to air brutal and sadistic programs. While there is serious concern about the in fluence of television on young people, there is much controversy over what to do about it. One person with a plan for action is Richard E. Wiley, who, as Chairman of the Federal Communica tions Commission (FCC), spoke to the National  Association of Secondary School Principals in 1976.Wiley rejected the idea that a high level of TV violence can be justified because it presents a realistic view of the world. He said, â€Å"Few, if any, of our citizens in the real world w ill be ex posed to the levels of violence comparable to those which appear on television almost every week. † Wiley feels that specific governmental regu lations in this â€Å"highly sensitive First Amendment Citizens Demonstrate Concern Area† would not be desirable. Instead, he sug that the FCC â€Å". . . can play a constructive While research goes on, many citizens have gests  and more appropriate role at this point by focus recently demonstrated their concerns.The Na ing increased industry attention on the issue and tional P. T. A. ‘s Television Commission has held a by encouraging the consideration of self-regula series of eight regional â€Å"hearings† on â€Å"Television tory reforms. † and Violence† that encouraged parents and teach as well as ers to consider seriously the content usage of television. Based on these hearings, in Family Viewing Plan which 505 persons testified, the Commission has The â€Å"Family Viewing Plan† is an example of warned that concerned citizens may propose eco  nomic boycott of TV products advertised on the type of self-regulation suggested.The three shows that feature violence. Other concerns were major networks and The Television Code Board â€Å"stereotyping both by race and sex, inferior role of The National Association of Broadcasters models for youth, reduced discrimination between adopted the plan to set aside the first three hours lighted recently in the trial in Miami, Florida, of 15-year-old Ronney Zamora, accused of robbing and killing his 82-year-old neighbor. The defense attorney presented the unusual defense that the  boy is innocent because his addiction to television violence has caused insanity.How may violence on television affect young people? What should be done about it in a coun try that believes in freedom of communication and the rights of its citizens to the free flow of information and ideas? Based on years of research, Albert Bandura has conclu ded that â€Å"children can and do acquire new response patterns through observation and imitation, without the need for external reinforce ment or even rehearsal or practice. † The SurgeonGeneral's Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior supported the view that â€Å"†¦Ã‚  a steady stream of brutality on television can have a powerful adverse effect on our society and particularly on children.†This report represents a significant effort to discover the effect television has on children today. Thoughtful researchers have raised such questions as these: Are young people who are unusually attracted by the violence and aggres sion on television generally abnormally aggressive personalities themselves? Is it only those young people who are disordered themselves who tend to imitate or â€Å"act out† the violent acts depicted on television?Does the content of television ser  iously affect young people s perceptions of the world they live in, its ch allenges, satisfactions, problems, and values? 528 EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP (6 to 9 p. m. ) of evening prime time' for material suitable for the entire family to view together. Wiley feels that his recommendation of such a plan, as Chairman of FCC, does not constitute governmental censorship, since he was only rec ommending voluntary action and making sugges tions for program improvement.He feels the new policy encourages those involved in the industry to develop exciting and worthwhile programs  Ã¢â‚¬Å"without the needless concomitant of violent and sexual excess. † Wiley's speech was criticized by many in his audience, among them Joseph F. Lagana, Super intendent of Northgate School District, Pitts burgh, Pennsylvania and George lannacone, Su perintendent of Vernon Township Public Schools, Vernon, New Jersey. They wrote â€Å"an opposing view† that was published in NASSP Bulletin, January 1977. They felt that the position of the FCC and the Family Viewing Plan â€Å" are not com patible with the social conditions of our modern society, fragmented families and institutions, and  the post-industrial youth culture.† They said that the Family Viewing Plan inaccurately assesses the status of parent-child relationships so that it will have little impact on our â€Å"youth viewing popula tion. † Lagana and lannacone suggest that most par ents are not aware that the Family Viewing Plan exists. They feel that it is erroneous to assume adults can or want to regulate or monitor tele vision viewing for their children and that parent and youth viewing patterns are often incompat ible because of different interests and schedules and the accessibility of several television sets in  and outside the home. More fundamentally, they challenge Wiley's concept of the role of the FCC as â€Å"socially irre sponsible† because they feel the FCC â€Å"is the reg ulating arm of our government. â€Å"It is their recom mendation that the FCC develo p â€Å"a television council composed of educators, legislators, and behavioral scientists to create programs that are compatible with healthy human growth and de velopment. † In monitoring television programs beyond the Family Viewing Plan, the FCC is seen as a facilitator and moderator and not as a con trolling agency. The National Citizens Committee for Broad  casting ranked programs according to content of violence. As might be expected the â€Å"cops and robbers,† â€Å"private eye,† and action-packed shows ranked very high.But, surprisingly, â€Å"The Won derful World of Disney† ranked fairly high (more violent than â€Å"The Blue Knight† series) and â€Å"Donny and Marie† was around the middle of the scale, more violent than â€Å"Happy Days,† â€Å"Executive Suite,† or â€Å"Maude. † A Gallup poll found that 71 percent of the public in the United States think television is too violent, yet many of the most viol ent programs continue to draw the largest number of viewers.The National Observer reported, â€Å"A lot of peo ple seem to be having it both ways . . . deploring it to the pollsters and enjoying it at home. Most of them will have to turn off TV's gun-play be fore the networks will consider disarmament. † Meanwhile, back to the schools. Clearly, they cannot control the total environment of students. Educators are challenged more seriously than ever before to teach young people to evaluate media more critically and to grow in taste and discrimi nation as they use media in school and at home. The media specialists in the schools should be valuable partners in this endeavor. JTi.

Need of the Study Essay

It is rightly said plastic money is need of the hour. People are using these cards on a vast scale. But after considering the material available on the subject, it is seen that the whole payment process of processing these cards†¦ Introduction Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.[1][2][3] The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; a store of value; and, perhaps, a standard of deferred payment.[4][5] Any item or verifiable record that fulfills these functions can be considered money. Money is historically an emergent market phenomenon establishing a commodity money, but nearly all contemporary money systems are based on fiat money.[4] Fiat money, like any check or note of debt, is without intrinsic use value as a physical commodity. It derives its value by being declared by a government to be legal tender; that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for â€Å"all debts, public and private†.[citation needed] Such laws in practice cause fiat money to acquire the value of any of the goods and services that it may be traded for within the nation that issues it. The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and usually includes bank money (the balance held in checking accounts and savings accounts). Bank money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.[6][7][8]

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Low-Wage Workers

It is not easy being a low-wage worker. In my case, I am a family man. I have a wife who just stays at home without any source of income and two kids who go to school. Sad to say, I am among the 30 million workers who earn less than $9 an hour. The truth is I do not want to be a low-wage worker but I do not have a choice. I never went to college. What kind of jobs is in store for high-school graduates only? If you want to know the answer, just look at me now. I was hired because I was referred by a friend who used to work for the company I am working for at present. Not that I did not have the qualifications for the job, but nowadays, referrals help a lot. After filling out the standardized bio-data, I was called for interview directly. Drug tests were not required. My employer is Chinese and runs a family business, so most of the higher positions are held by family members except for some employees who have worked their all their lives. The one who interviewed me was the Executive Vice-President of the company who happens to be the wife of the President. She was kind. Not the type I expected to be. She was very calm in asking questions, as if I have known her for a long time. I did not feel very uncomfortable. She encouraged me to speak my thoughts, which was good because I need not worry too much about what to say. Our relationship at present is fairly good. But still my sentiments of a low-paying job with almost no benefits remain to cause me more difficulties in life. I keep on asking myself, â€Å"When will I get out of this dead-end job?† My fellow employees come in two categories: the well-paid workers with benefits and those who are like me with minimal benefits. I am not counting the employed family members because of course, the get good pay. Those who have higher positions usually have graduated from college with good to excellent scholastic record. These are the employees who possess innate, learned, and transferable skills. There was some who just finished high-school but they have special skills which are indispensable in the company. The ones like me are graduates of high-school only, with limited skills and abilities except for some. This is the reason why after working for 10 years in this company, I hardly get a raise. If I or any of my family members get sick, we simply incur debts to be able to attend to our medications. In terms of the working conditions, it is quite disappointing. The warehouses where I work are not well-equipped. They do not even have a decent comfort room. We share lockers, too. Our break room is close to dilapidation so rest periods can be hardly called rest at all. As to breaks, we have 30-minute lunch breaks from 12:00-12:30 then 2 bathroom privileges, one in the morning and another in the afternoon. My employer, I think, is a large corporation because it has seven branches in the country though each establishment is not really as big as other large companies. It has hundreds of employees so maybe it is indeed a big investment. During working hours, we rarely talk with my co-workers. However, we get to discuss some topics while taking our breaks such as our family lives. Usually they are family problems and we can only share them to the people at work to at least ease out a bit. We also chat about current events, latest happenings inside and outside the workplace, entertainment, and just about anything under the sun. Labor unions have declined over the past few years. But at times we talk about it. Generally, my co-workers especially those who have worked for a long time in the company, have always wanted to form a union where we could express our sentiments to our employers. Maybe, this would have improved our status in this company. Nevertheless, no one has really had the guts to lead us. Inasmuch as I wanted to help, I chose to have a job rather than not having one at all. I am scared of being jobless. I am still thankful even if I am only a low-wage worker. Works Cited Hansen, Randall. â€Å"Surviving and Moving Beyond Low-Wage Jobs: Solutions for an Invisible Workforce in America.† Quintessential Careers. 28 June 2007 . Low-Wage Workers It is not easy being a low-wage worker. In my case, I am a family man. I have a wife who just stays at home without any source of income and two kids who go to school. Sad to say, I am among the 30 million workers who earn less than $9 an hour. The truth is I do not want to be a low-wage worker but I do not have a choice. I never went to college. What kind of jobs is in store for high-school graduates only? If you want to know the answer, just look at me now. I was hired because I was referred by a friend who used to work for the company I am working for at present. Not that I did not have the qualifications for the job, but nowadays, referrals help a lot. After filling out the standardized bio-data, I was called for interview directly. Drug tests were not required. My employer is Chinese and runs a family business, so most of the higher positions are held by family members except for some employees who have worked their all their lives. The one who interviewed me was the Executive Vice-President of the company who happens to be the wife of the President. She was kind. Not the type I expected to be. She was very calm in asking questions, as if I have known her for a long time. I did not feel very uncomfortable. She encouraged me to speak my thoughts, which was good because I need not worry too much about what to say. Our relationship at present is fairly good. But still my sentiments of a low-paying job with almost no benefits remain to cause me more difficulties in life. I keep on asking myself, â€Å"When will I get out of this dead-end job?† My fellow employees come in two categories: the well-paid workers with benefits and those who are like me with minimal benefits. I am not counting the employed family members because of course, the get good pay. Those who have higher positions usually have graduated from college with good to excellent scholastic record. These are the employees who possess innate, learned, and transferable skills. There was some who just finished high-school but they have special skills which are indispensable in the company. The ones like me are graduates of high-school only, with limited skills and abilities except for some. This is the reason why after working for 10 years in this company, I hardly get a raise. If I or any of my family members get sick, we simply incur debts to be able to attend to our medications. In terms of the working conditions, it is quite disappointing. The warehouses where I work are not well-equipped. They do not even have a decent comfort room. We share lockers, too. Our break room is close to dilapidation so rest periods can be hardly called rest at all. As to breaks, we have 30-minute lunch breaks from 12:00-12:30 then 2 bathroom privileges, one in the morning and another in the afternoon. My employer, I think, is a large corporation because it has seven branches in the country though each establishment is not really as big as other large companies. It has hundreds of employees so maybe it is indeed a big investment. During working hours, we rarely talk with my co-workers. However, we get to discuss some topics while taking our breaks such as our family lives. Usually they are family problems and we can only share them to the people at work to at least ease out a bit. We also chat about current events, latest happenings inside and outside the workplace, entertainment, and just about anything under the sun. Labor unions have declined over the past few years. But at times we talk about it. Generally, my co-workers especially those who have worked for a long time in the company, have always wanted to form a union where we could express our sentiments to our employers. Maybe, this would have improved our status in this company. Nevertheless, no one has really had the guts to lead us. Inasmuch as I wanted to help, I chose to have a job rather than not having one at all. I am scared of being jobless. I am still thankful even if I am only a low-wage worker. Works Cited Hansen, Randall. â€Å"Surviving and Moving Beyond Low-Wage Jobs: Solutions for an Invisible Workforce in America.† Quintessential Careers. 28 June 2007 .

Monday, July 29, 2019

TBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TBA - Essay Example I had trouble listening to the speaker that day. As such, I had to identify the barrier that influenced my lack of listening during the presentation. Misinterpretation and attachment to personal beliefs and values were the two significant barriers to effective listening that day. Misinterpretation is a primary cause of listening barrier during communication. In most cases, our thought force us to interpret messages in a manner that was intended by the speaker (McPheat, 2011). Misinterpretation often leads to misunderstanding the speaker’s message and may directly lead to a lack of listening to the speaker. When we add an interpretation to the speaker’s word, we introduce sources of error in the communication. Misinterpretation may have contributed to my inability to listen to the speaker on the preventive measure of HIV/AIDS. According to my interpretation, I thought that the speaker meant that abstinence is the only way to prevent the spread of the diseases. Personally, I knew that there were other possible measures as well. The fact that I interrupted the speaker wrongly led to my lack of listening. I found myself doing other stuff, browsing my phone instead of listening to the speaker. There particular facts about the speaker’s message that I misinterpreted. Firstly, the speaker meant that among the many possible preventive strategies, abstinence was the best. This does not mean that there are no other measures. Secondly, abstinence should the first step in ensuring we stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. It was clear that the misinterpretation contributed significantly to my inability to listen to the speaker. However, there are particular approaches that can help overcome misinterpretation as a barrier to effective listening. If I could have used these strategies, then I would have successful overcome the problem of lack of listening. Developing the habit of asking for

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Listening and speaking skilss Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Listening and speaking skilss - Assignment Example This helps deliver messages in a clear manner that can be understood by all. Thirdly, in order to become a better listener, I need to ask questions more frequently so that I understand what the other person is saying. This will ensure that I get the correct message that is being passed across, and also give the speaker the confidence that I have understood the main points. However, I need to ensure that the questions I ask do not interrupt the flow of the speaker, and therefore I have to ask questions when it is absolutely necessary. Finally, being a good listener and speaker requires that attention is paid to the body language. This is one area I have to work on in order to improve my interpersonal skills. In order to become a good communicator, it is necessary that I consider by body posture and how I make eye contact. This gives the audience the confidence that I understand what I am saying and hence they are likely to buy the story or

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Answer some questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer some questions - Essay Example Paul said he found Anna cute and feminine, and when he started talking to her he found out she was smart and funny as well. Anna said she found Paul interesting, down-to earth and comfortable to be with. As they got to know each other better (and Anna found out that Paul was not gay after all), they fell deeply in love and became sweethearts for a long time even way after college. They went steady for a decade before deciding to get married. They knew that they were meant for each other and accepted each other for all their strengths and weaknesses. They decided to marry because they wanted to spend the rest of their lives and grow old together. Paul admitted that he had a string of girlfriends before he met Anna and even played around when they were going steady. However, he promised her that once they got married, he would remain faithful to her only. He became more responsible because he knew he had another person to take care of and not just himself. With Anna, he became more independent and learned to be a good homemaker. Since she did the chores, she became better at cooking, cleaning and making their home cosy and comfortable for both of them. When they had a son, they became even closer as they relied on each other in raising him as well. Paul and Anna had their own share of difficulties in their marriage. Money was often tight since they were not earning enough, but they found ways to survive so as not to get hungry and still pay the bills. They were fortunate enough to have the supportive people around them who showered their son with gifts and nice things that they themselves could not afford. They made sure their son would have a good and comfortable life as they promised to do their best to give it to him. After being together for 28 years, Paul and Anna (10 years as steady boyfriend-girlfriend and 18 years married) are still deeply in love with each other. It is not only a romantic relationship, but a true friendship and partnership. They

Friday, July 26, 2019

Corporate protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate protection - Essay Example In order to achieve these objectives, the company has made an effort of sending its Chief Financial officer and CEO to the Caucasus region, as a fact-finding mission, as well as deploying an expatriate group of 25 employees for 6 months, in order to familiarize with engineering and drilling techniques required in the region. However, the stated objectives of the company have led to it facing a number of threats which requires it to take action. It is needed to increase the expertise of its Protective Security Managers for better examination and understanding of threats hence planing and implementing effective security strategy (Kit bond corporate protection services n.d.). The purpose of the strategy will be to provide protective security solutions, capable of not only maximizing protection for the employees, but also ensuring their liberty in conducting operations in the region. Textar Oil and Gas Company as a multinational corporate organization in the field of gas and oil global exploitation, is facing a lot of difficulties. It is experiencing a number of threats which are putting its employees, especially those in the caucasus region, into a great danger. The emerging Textar’s competitive companies in the market are responsible of these threats. To provide better solutons for these threats, the Company has proposed a corporate orientated protective security solution, through a strategy that involves two maximum security corporations (Halibozek & Kovacich 2003). These security corparations can work as separate entities but in the case of Textar Company, they have decided to work as one unit inoder to ensure maximum security for the company, as well as its employees especially those working in the caucasus regions which seems to be the most insecure region. The first security corporation is KBCPS. This is an asset protection corporation, developed to offer interventions

Thursday, July 25, 2019

TORT LAW - F Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

TORT LAW - F - Essay Example The difference between the two thus far developed has been a cause of grave concern for common law, but the distinction has been made evident by recent cases to a great extent, especially with the presence of principles laid out in Alcock v Chief Constable of Yorkshire Police [1992]1 and McLoughlin v O’Brian [1983]2. What is Nervous Shock? Nervous shock is described as an array of recognizable psychiatric diseases which are over and beyond the usual distresses a person encounters upon witnessing the scene of an accident. Mere emotional setbacks that are considered ordinary, including fear, grief and worry are not considered sufficient at law3. Thus, ailments such as clinical depression, anxiety neurosis, and post traumatic stress disorder fall into the category of nervous shock, which admittedly is a label underplayed as it represents a larger than normal degree of psychiatric damage4 than simply suggesting an element of shock. As Lord Jauncey clarified in Alcock at 419, the c laimant must suffer a â€Å"recognizable psychiatric illness† in order to justify cause for action (Chadwick v British Transport Commission [1967]5). Thus, it must be observed that nervous shock is more aptly treated as personal injury to the mind as different from personal injury to the body. It follows that the first step to determining whether a claim of psychiatric damage is valid at law would be to categorize the kind of harm experienced, and whether it was serious enough to give rise to a duty of care on the part of the defendant, as normal fear and anxiety is exempt from such duty and people are expected to be of reasonable firmness capable of dealing with normal distresses6. Negligently Inflicted Psychiatric Harm If a claim for psychiatric harm stems from one in negligence, the same principles of establishing a claim apply. Thus, the four requirements of a negligent act must be present, namely the duty of care, breach of that duty, causation and the damage resulting f rom that breach which must not be characterized as too remote. The law related to duty of care is illustrated well by the principles established in Donoghue v Stevenson7 and Caparo Industries v Dickman8. The duty of care is established when a sufficient relationship can be established by virtue of neighborhood and proximity of relationship so that the claimant can be reasonably foreseen to be injured by the defendant’s act and whether establishing such a duty would be fair, just and reasonable in the present case9. In order to establish this duty, the courts take heed from recognized duty situations (Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman [1985])10. Thus, a manufacturer may be sued by a consumer for a defective product which causes physical harm (Donogue), the driver of a car who engages in an accident but only causes psychiatric damage but no physical damage to the victim he collides with may also be liable (Page v Smith [1995])11 but the employee-employer relationship does not g ive rise to an automatic duty of care in terms of psychiatric injury suffered by rescuers after an incident (White v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police12). Since the damage we are concerned with is psychiatric, the harm may not just extend to the victims who are immediately affected by a risk of personal injury resulting from the negligent act, but also

Comparitive Studies of Enviormental Policies in China & USA Essay

Comparitive Studies of Enviormental Policies in China & USA - Essay Example These policies have become necessary because of increasing population growth rates in both countries. Presently, the population of the United States is estimated as 311, 591, 917 people whiles that of China is given as 1,344,130,000; the highest in the world (FAO, 1986). Looking at the difference, there is every justification in the fact that China would have a stricter population control policy and that is exactly what the case is. Presently, there are policies such as one-child policy, which has an aim of providing better health care to mothers and the general population by reducing the number of children each woman bears to one. There have also been birth control policies in China. In the United States however, birth control campaigns have been the major policies whiles excluding a restrictive policy like one-child per family. Consequently, China has a firmer population control policy than the United States and the understanding is in the difference in population between the two c ountries. On pollution control, analysts argue that the United States is far advanced and ahead than China. What has perhaps created the difference in significance towards the policy approaches has to do with the ideologies that both countries have in terms of modern development (Asian Development Bank, 2002). it would be observed perhaps that whereas the United States sees herself as a nation who has achieved so much in terms of development and does not have to be very pragmatic towards national development to the detriment of the environment, China sees herself as a new global perspective for development, who must take advantage of all forms of industrialization to complete her development dreams. For this reason, there are more freedoms on the use of pollutants that may eventually result in pollution in China in the name of industrialization than there is in the United States. There could therefore be very tangible policies such as air pollution regulations, US pollution control laws and regulation, and nonpoint source water pollution regulation all in the United States. Just as with pollution, the United States presents its industries and the general public with stricter policies that guide against global warming. It would be noted that some key components of pollution such as air pollution that is related to the emission of harmful carbon chemicals is directly related to global warming (Bockstael et al, 2000). This means that policies in both countries that are used to cater for air pollution could directly be related and liked to the control of global warming (Dyson, Bergkamp and Scanlon, 2004). From this direction, it could clearly be said that the United States with the Environmental Protection Agency fully in force to clamp down on all forms of air pollution and carbon emission also caters for global warming in a much vehement way than it is done in China. A clear justification of this could be seen with the liberty given to Chinese industries to buil d chimneys as precautious measures whereas in the United States it is an enforcement to do so. Both the United States and China are fast growing on the need to preserve the environment through the promotion of the use environmentally friendly energy supply. It would be seen for instance that in the United States, there is presently a policy that is fading the era of use of non-renewable energy such as gas. The use of hydropower is also being minimized as the

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Five Phases of the Project Lifecycle Assignment

The Five Phases of the Project Lifecycle - Assignment Example A project has to be approached in a systematic way that will ensure there is minimal time wasting and deviation from the main goals and objectives of the project from the time it was initiated. To do so, there are a number of approaches used that guide the progress of the project to completion. The most common used approach is the traditional phased approach that has five phases explaining the activities involved in each phase form the time an idea is conceived to the time the project is closed. The five phases include initiation, planning/ design, execution, monitoring and closing of the project. Each step has its unique activities that make it possible for the project to be completed successfully. Initiation is the first phase of any project. This phase seeks to define the project or a new phase of an already existing project. It also involves the process of gaining authorization from the relevant authorities for the project to be commenced (Indelicato, 2013). To achieve the goals of this phase, there is need to first develop a project charter and then identify the stakeholders. The project charter contains, project success criteria and objectives, constraints/assumptions, high level budget and schedule, the list of stakeholders, project justification or purpose and lastly assign a project manager. A well-developed project charter, will provide adequate information to the authorities and convince them to commit an organizations resources towards achieving the goals and objectives of the project. It gives them a knowhow on the amount of resources needed to complete the project, hence guiding the decision making of the authorities on whether the project is achievable or not. At the same time, it provides one with its contribution to the organization in achieving its primary goals without violating their mission, vision, values and

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Inclusion Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Inclusion Programs - Essay Example As the report declares co-teaching methods are under constant research. The effectiveness in its completeness can not yet be ascertained as far as this model is concerned. But many a benefit are found to surface by co-teaching process. Co-teaching is a model in which a team of teachers get themselves involved in the development of heterogeneous learners. The team normally does not accept mere inclusion of students with disabilities in a general classroom. The team members assess, evaluate, and locate the actual needs of individual students and act after planning to meet their needs. This paper stresses that inclusion programs for students with disabilities in regular class rooms do not give any tailor-made solutions. However, the inclusion of disabled students in regular classrooms are widely gaining support among all concerned. Several factors are to be taken into account in the philosophy of inclusion. Some are: Age-appropriate placement, Social integration, Curricular expectations, Staff development, Team collaboration and classroom management. While giving much weight to the smooth running of the class, the legal support available for a parent to get his/her kid continued in the regular class room must also have to be considered without causing any damage to the general education process. Appraisal of parents with the fact that individual needs of the students with disabilities are keenly observed and strived hard to meet them to the maximum possible extent would ease the situations in many cases.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Robert Frost A Road Not Taken Essay Example for Free

Robert Frost A Road Not Taken Essay Robert Frost ever timeless poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† has spanned all time because of its ability to appeal to the basic and inevitable necessities of adulthood –making tough decisions and living with the consequences of said choices in the quest for happiness. Robert Frost used the symbol of two roads to show a young man’s need to make a very difficult decision. In breaking the poem down in terms of reading and re-reading the poem in its entirety, one can’t help but be immediately placed in the shoes of the speaker in terms of one’s own life choices. The poem begins with th speaker standing in the middle of two roads. The imagery used in the poem â€Å"diverged in a yellow wood† (Frost, 1916), leads the reader to believe the poem takes place in the fall probably when the leaves are turning yellow. He then proceeds to say that he wishes that he could travel both roads, but of course that is physically impossible. He stands for a long time trying to decide which road to take. He looks down the path in attempt to see where it leads. This is so symbolic of one’s own â€Å"paths†. No one of course can see the outcome of the impending choices that we make or are about to make. In the next stanza, he chooses a path that he wishes to take. â€Å"Then I took the other, as just as fair, Because it was grassy and wanted wear,† (Frost, 1916). Breaking down the story, both the author and thereby the speaker would have the reader believe that the two roads, in terms of their appearance, are both equally pleasing to the eye. But in the line, â€Å"as just as fair† (Frost, 1916), he wants the reader to believe that the two roads and thereby the two choices are different, but could be equally just as good. The speaker is still unsure as to which path he really wants to take. He describes the path as being â€Å"perhaps† better. Nevertheless, it looks as though it hasn’t been used as often as the other. Frost used the alliteration, â€Å"wanted wear†. This actually meant that it lacked used. The speaker becomes incredibly indecisive. Just when the reader thinks that the speaker has made a decision, he says again how the roads are almost the same. The phrase â€Å"the passing there† (Frost, 1916) meaning traffic, could mean people who are walking like him. We then get a glimpse into the time of day in which this decision making is taking place in the line â€Å"And both that morning equally lay, In leaves no step had trodden black† (Frost ,1916), and also that in the area in which he stood, the leaves that have fallen, have not been stepped on and thereby had not changed color on the ground. The speaker seems to poke fun at his need to make this decision with the line â€Å"Oh! I kept the first for another day† (Frost ,1916) He says that he will go back to the road that he is seemingly choosing not to take, another day. Here is another example of how this poem has transcended time. One always thinks or hopes that the choices that we make can somehow be undone. The notion that once we get to a certain point, if we for some reason do not like the way that things are going, the road that we are taking if you will, that we can always turn around and go back if our initial decision has failed. Then he seems to say just that in the line† Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back†(Frost, 1916). He realizes that the idea of coming back to this initial spot, is ridiculous. One never knows how one decision can lead to another and another and yet another leading us so far away from the first decision, that we would not be able to s ee from whence we began and essentially not being able to go back. The speaker moves forward in time; many years from the primary decision. This allows the reader to infer that the choice that the speaker is making or has already made, is one of great import, one that could possibly impact him so much that he will be talking about it for years to come. When the speaker says â€Å" I shall be telling this with a sigh, Eleanor Sickels is quoted to say that â€Å"the poem is about the human tendency to wobble illogically in decision and later to assume that the decision was, after all, logical and enormously important, but forever to tell of it with a sigh as depriving the speaker of who-knows-what interesting experience. (www.wikipedia.org. October 2011) As we reach the conclusion of the poem, the speaker repeats the first line of the poem, and now we know which path he chose â€Å"and I—Took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.† (Frost, 1916). The speaker has made the decision to take the road that few others have taken, one that could either positively or negatively impact his life forever. The conclusion of the poem does not however tell us whether or not the speaker was a failure or a success. It could possibly depend on whether the reader is a pessimist or an optimist. The theme of this story is choices. Frost uses symbolism and imagery to paint a perfect picture of how one generally makes decisions. In the beginning of the poem we are placed in a glowing yellow wooded area in the early morning along with a young man, forced to make a decision that will change him forever. Wow! The power of the pen! The power to automatically be beamed into a situation that is so reminiscent of our own struggle, is one that has been mastered time and time again, yet this poem probably has more meaning today than it did in 1916 when it was written. So many in the U.S., due to lack of money, experience, or drive, have been forced to make decisions that have left many only one paycheck away from homelessness. Did Mr Frost know at the time how much of an impact this poem would have on the world? Did he know that after almost one-hundred (100) years that he would be written about in terms of great literature? One can only hope that, with all of his many works, Mr. Frost knew that his poems and short stories would solidify his place in English literature forever. References: â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Robert Frost 1916 Bridgepoint Education 2010 Journey Into Literature R. Wayne Clugston www.wikipedia.org

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Solving Communication Problems: Reflective Essay

Solving Communication Problems: Reflective Essay PROBLEM SOLVING AMITA KHOWAJA JODY STONE Problems are at the center of which every day many people deal at their work. I got a chance to deal with a problematic event when I was on my shift, I was assigned with the client who was living with his family. My core responsibilities are to assist client in bath and in her daily living activities but the client want me to do house work and she want to take help from her daughter for the bath. The problem with this scenario is as per my job expectation I must assist client in all of her activities in order to make sure that the care she is receiving is safe and comfortable but my client is expecting from me to do more of the house work like vacuum, dust and wash the floor so that she will not feel like a burden on her son. The area for which she asked me to do housekeeping is mostly used by other family members. When I contact my supervisor, she advises me that my agency does not have a strict definition of light housekeeping but if I took any additional time to complete the work she cannot give me any extra wages for the additional time spend on the shift. So, I decided to solve this problem through problem solving process and I identify that the situation I am going through will affects me and my client because if I say no to my client it makes her upset and might be noncooperative with me which in future become a barrier in my communication level with the client as well as hinders in developing a therapeutic relationship with the client. If I say yes, then might be I will have required additional time and energy for it. Moreover, I will not be getting any extra wages for extra time. The situation will definitely make me concerned firstly, because the client want to take help from her daughter for her bath and I am not sure about the daughter willingness to give her bath furthermore, I am not sure if the daughter knows the skills, knowledge and techniques to give a safe and comfortable bath to the client. The time of the client bath may be a good time to do lot more observation and encouragement to make client independent as much as possible. The health care personals are well trained in performing that observations and encouragement. Client assessment starts from the scalp and proceed to the feet for any kind of abnormal skin condition, any lesions, swelling or any sign of altered circulation and then based upon that assessment appropriate interventions were planned. There is a lot more chances that the client daughter fail to do significant observations during the bath and missed any changes which risk the client health. My second concern is about client though ts that she doesnt want to feel like burden on her son so need to rule out the reasons behind it. The third concern is if I say yes to client for doing housekeeping then it will affect one of my social determinant of health that is employment and working condition. Intense working conditions and excessive hour of work cause me bodily pain, increase chances of injury and other physiological and psychological symptoms which ultimately affects my personal relationships. My client rather than asking her family members to do their home housekeeping she is asking me to do for her give me the impression that my client health determinant of social environment is also affected. Because of all these reasons I feel that the situation requires immediate attention to resolve the issue. I analyze the scenario and identify that the situation highlights the unknown, need to be identified problem where interventions are required to resolve the problem. The situation also highlights the affective problem where person emotions are significantly involved so my decision of saying no for housework to the client will greatly affect her emotions. According to Chaudhuri, A. (2014). A person job should be such that he/she can maintained a balance between important aspects of life. A person work should not increase stress level and he/she able to spend quality of time with family after job hours. On my end the scenario also highlights the work-related problem because my decision of saying yes hinders me in balancing my work and my family life.ÂÂ   Moreover, I also feel that there is an interpersonal communication gap between people involved in the scenario that are my client and her family members so, further digging is required in order to rule out the root causes of the p roblem. I will start handling the problem on my end by maintaining all the behavioral characteristics of communication and use the assertive style to reply my client. I will reply I can see that this is important to you, and it is also important to me as well. I am assigned here to deliver you as much as support but there are certain things which I cannot do such as vacuum, dusting of most of the area use by other family members. I understand that this will make you upset but we can talk more respectfully to each other to make the situation better for both of us. I appreciate if you discuss with me about what bothers you for not asking your family members to do the housekeeping of the house this will help me to resolve your problem. In this way, both of us maintained the respect and there is fewer chances of emotional outburst. I will further analyze the problem by asking questions from client about her family members to understand her family dynamics. I will ask the client about the education of her daughter to identify her literacy level, this will help me in understanding what level of teaching and information I need to deliver the daughter so that she can maintain safety of client during bath. I will ask the routine of her daughter to rule out her availability and willingness to give bath to the client. Moreover, I will ask client what kind of relationship other family members are having with my client and with each other, how frequently they sit together and spend time with each other, if my client want to share anything who is the most reliable person in the family with my client feel to share her problems and feelings this will help me understanding the social environment of the house. Additionally, I will ask client their source of income to identify the economic status of the family which will help me in sharing the option of hiring a housekeeper for few hours to do house work. I will develop an action plan to solve the problem by identifying several client needs for example as I was newly assigned staff with the client so she will be feeling anxious and worry working with me. In addition to it she is also facing difficulty communicating her true feelings and concerns with her other family members. There is also a need of division of household task among family members or need to hire any part time housekeeper for vacuum, dust and washing the floor. Besides, my clients daughter also need teaching about proper techniques of giving safe bath to the client. According to me the first priority is to reduce my client anxiety and apprehensions by properly orienting myself and my role, remain be calm and answer questions about the information which my client needed. This will create a positive significance and help in reassuring client that I am here to help her. In this way, my client move from negative emotional level to positive level and she feel comfortable and ready to work with health care member. My second priority is my client should get safe bath. My client want to take bath from her daughter so I will respect her decision and to complete this priority I will ask my client daughter if she is willing to give bath or not, if she is willing then I will have taught her all the safe techniques to be followed, and observation made about the client body for any kind of health-related issues during the bath. After teaching I, will supervise the daughter giving bath to my client to observe whether she is following the right techniques and p rovide feedback upon it. This will positively help in preventing my client from any health-related complications. My third priority will be to enhance communication among the family members. I will achieve this priority by focusing on my client by asking her questions about her children and other aspects of their personal lives, this give her message that I am interested in her as a people rather than as a client. Furthermore, encourage my client and her family members to be open to discuss issues, problems, thoughts and feelings with respect, love and trust. Spend quality time together so family relations become stronger and good communication will be enhanced among family members. They should equally and properly divide house work among each family members so burden will not be upon one member of the family. The positive consequence of good communication among family will help to efficiently cope with life challenges. I have chosen the above action plan because by doing proper assessment and observation during bath will help in early identification of health-related conditions and early consultation to the physicians, in this way my client physical health will be enhanced. By developing therapeutic relationship with client help client to adjust with change that is working with a new staff will enhance her emotional health. Additionally, good communication among family will also enhance emotional and social health by allowing self to cope with stress, help in learning, managing conditions and live in harmony. Mine occupational health will also be improved as I will get manageable work load. I will be evaluating my action plan by monitoring and discussing feedback with my client about the effectiveness of strategies that are discussed with the client and family members and their satisfaction level upon it. I will do conclusion by evaluating myself that what I have accomplished at the end and how this experience of solving problem develop me professionally. After resolving the scenario, I will report back to my supervisor about all the efforts that I have made to resolve the issues so that she can guide me about what I have done good and which aspects will be done differently in future. I will use my communication skills of pumping the negatives and owning to ask more about negative feedback which will give me more opportunity in order to modify my behaviors in future.

The Definition And Concept Of Spatial Integration Cultural Studies Essay

The Definition And Concept Of Spatial Integration Cultural Studies Essay The definition and concept of Spatial Integration in historic cities or towns is not accurately defined as it has been seen as an essential component of the present integration in the cities of towns. According  [1]  to European Spatial Development Programme (ESDP) under the Noordwijk project, Spatial integration expresses the opportunities for and level of (economic, cultural) interaction within and between areas and may reflect the willingness to co-operate. It also indicates, for example, levels of connectivity between transport systems of different geographical scales. Spatial integration is positively influenced by the presence of efficient administrative bodies, physical and functional complementarity between areas and the absence of cultural and political controversies. In itself, the term interaction can seem at least as global as the one of integration. However, this term, often coupled with the spatial or territorial qualifier is often used in scientific literature, in particular by geographers. In a wide sense, the concept of spatial interaction can be related to any kind of relationship between places (connexity, similarity, flows, and proximity) and one could assimilate the analysis of spatial interaction to spatial analysis in itself, or even to geography. In the practice of (mainly geographical) research, spatial interaction often takes a more limited and technical meaning and may refer to a phenomenon described as decreasing of the intensity of flows with distance. Different spatial interaction models have been built in order to give account of this phenomenon, many of them relying on the general gravity model, based on distance and on relative weights of the considered entities. Taking into account the ESDP definition, its global approach as well as the history of the criterion, it seems that interaction must be understood here as a rather comprehensive concept, that cannot be directly limited to some domains of relationships, nor even to spatial interaction as it is generally understood. For example the definition mentions interaction between areas rather than spatial interaction, which could indicate that distance is not necessarily seen as central (maybe because the concept of distance is more specific of another criterion, Geogr aphic position) The ESDP definition, through its reference to willingness to co-operate and to absence of cultural and political controversies, also indicates that the social and human aspects play an important role in an open minded approach of the concept of spatial interaction. Besides its various interpretations, use of the term interaction in the definition of the Noordwijk draft of ESDP can also be seen as conveying some implicit ideas through its etymology. Spatial integration and (spatial) cohesion:- There is often reference to the terms which are or their meaning is related or closed to the integration in the European documents. In the Article B under title I of Treaty of European Union, the most often term under the aims and objectives, is the economic and social cohesion. There is no specific definition of cohesion (Economic and social) in the Treaty, but there is reference is to reduce the disparities between the levels of development of the various regions and the backwardness of the least favoured regions, including rural areas. The analysis of the first report on social and economic cohesion describes the situation of the European regions in the same perspective of assessment of inequalities and of their trends. In those terms, cohesion seems closely related to the idea of homogeneity and Spatial (or territorial) cohesion is relatively less mentioned compared to social and economic cohesion. Spatial integration and co-operation:- The Noordwijk project of ESDP introduces in its definition the concept of willingness to co-operate, as a basis for spatial integration. This adds an important dynamic element to understanding of territorial (or spatial) integration. Co-operation is often associated to integration, although there are some fundamental differences between the two concepts. A priori, the concept of spatial interaction, which is at the core of the definition of spatial integration, has no positive or negative sense. Spatial interaction generally relies on human motivation (even if natural phenomena such as floods may cause spatial interaction), but these motivations might not be shared by all actors nor lead to win-win situations. In contrast, absence of co-operation may result either in a limited level of spatial interaction, as relationships will not be supported by all actors, or in unbalanced relationships solely ruled by the law of the strongest. Lack of co-operation can be observed in practice in some cases where actual relations are less than one would expect in view of shared interests, physical possibilities available, or presence of spatial systems to manage (e.g. river basins). But absence of co-operation may also exist where integration (in terms of interactions) is strong, and in those cases it may have harmful effects for some of the partners. Although the ESDP mentions the willingness to co-operate, it must be said that co operation does not always rely on willingness but also on need to co-operate. This allows us to distinguish between situations that require co-operation (even if the partners are somewhat reluctant) and situations where spatial integration is actually weak but the willingness to co-operate exists. In the second case, certain material organisational changes may lead to an increase in the significance of relations between areas. Attempting to translate the concept of spatial co-operation into indicators is recognised as being a very difficult task, as co-operation mainly relies on a state of mind and on organisational patterns that do not necessarily imply easily measurable phenomena. Networks of places:- For many authors, it is useful to reflect further on how places are linked, in order that integration might occur. Places are no longer considered as simple geographical constructs; rather they are defined through social analysis (for a review, see Amin and Graham, 1998). These stress that places are articulated moments in networks of social relations and understandings rather than areas with boundaries around (Massey, 1993; 66). In this configuration socially-constructed places are noncontiguous, diverse, dynamic and superimposed. As well as being bound to place-based relations, cultural, social, economic, political and environmental links and relations can be stretched across space (Graham and Healey, 1999 (forthcoming)). This partially reflects a more sophisticated analysis of how networks of cities and towns interact, an area that Theme 2 explores further. As Dematteis notes we have witnessed the passage from a functional organisation in which the centres are graded with a multi-level hierarchy (as in the models of Christaller and Là ¶sch) to interconnected networks organised on the basis of the corresponding complementarities of the nodes and the synergies produced (Dematteis, 1994). It also reflects an understanding that it is not places which interact but the people and organisations (actors) which inhabit that space. Geoff Mulgan (1997) labels the current era one of Connexity. This reflects the ESDPs definition of spatial integration as: Opportunities for and level of interaction within and between areas. In Mulgans view cultures, economies, social worlds, politics and environments all become driven by logics of increasingly intense interconnections and flows, over larger and larger geographical scales. A growing range of economic, social, and cultural interactions which are both in place and out of place (Adams, 1996; 279) are being supported by modern communications technologies (Graham and Healey, ibid.). Of course, it is possible that connections may only occur between specific sections of society. We may therefore witness different social geographies of spatial integration. The Noordwijk project of ESDP suggests that measures of spatial integration will include levels of linkage between transport systems at different geographical scales. However, a fuller interpretation of the conception offered above implies that spatial integration is wider than simply transport linkages but includes all transactions (or flows) between areas. To Mulgan, the growing importance of network-based connections means that economies are increasingly driven by the logical or virtual regularities of electronic communication, a new geography of nodes and hubs, processing and control centres. The nineteenth centurys physical infrastructures of railways, canals and roads are now overshadowed by the networks of computers, cables and radio links that govern where things go, how they are paid for, and who has access to what. The physical manifestation of power, walls, boundaries, highways and cities, are overlaid with a virtual world of information hubs, databases and networks (Mulgan, 1991; 3). India: According  [3]  to Jordar, Souro D., Spatial integration is the combination of all the activities like economic, social and physical which can be achieved by the modern spatial planning tools and techniques, different and dual modes for the participation towards development in the cities. There are very few cities in India which have undergone planned development by using the modern spatial planning tools and techniques towards spatial integration. The author signifies the role of resources like land and infrastructure in the spatial integration of cities. Moreover, the role of modes like public and private sectors, public/private sector for the development of spatial integration, is also most important for spatial development. Brazil: According  [4]  to Edja Bezerra Faria and Valerio Augusto in their paper, Spatial Integration/Configuration is a set of independent relations in which each is determined by its relation to others and the fundamental correlate is of the spatial integration/configuration is movement . But according  [5]  to Hillier, (1996, 35/152), The structure of the grid considered purely as a spatial integration/configuration, is itself the most powerful determinant of urban movement, both pedestrian and vehicular. Because this relation is fundamental and lawful, it has already been a powerful force in shaping our historically evolved cities, by its effect on land use patterns, building densities and part-whole structure of the city. South America: According  [6]  to Poul Ove Pedersen and Walter Stà ¶hr Spatial development and Economic Integration is associated with spatial distribution of physical geographical patterns, transport networks, economic activities, natural resources different policies etc and change is these factors can change the spatial integration pattern in the areas/city or in the region. South Africa: Within the constitution, for the basis of new development and local government system, white paper was introduced which highlights and committed to cover all the sectors to meet the demands of the society. According  [7]  to it, Spatial integration is a strategy for doing away with the expensive and exclusionary land-use patterns of apartheid. It seeks to enhance the efficiency of the city by placing residential development closer to job opportunities, and reduce the costs of development by exploiting surplus bulk infrastructural capacity. Spatial integration also has a social dimension and can increase the access of low-income residents to facilities and opportunities in the city. For the Integration of cities, towns and rural areas which has different spatial dimensions like social, an economic etc, the objective is to create more efficient and equitable cities, towns and rural areas. In Contrast to many literatures, Hilliers establishment of a theory of space as configuration and series of related methodologies, called space syntax, (Hillier Hanson, 1984; Hillier, 1996) that spreads a new light on the spatial formation of area structure. Hillier (1987, 1989) first suggested that optimizing correlations between spatial configuration measured by spatial integration and movement rates and the growth of settlements changes the pattern of Integration. The concept of spatial integration was also identified in the European Spatial Development Programme (ESDP) throughout the various versions. The First document which was on spatial planning issues, when it appeared first time in 1994 and it was centred on the specific aspect of cross-border relationships but slowly it came out with wider vision which was summarised later in the first official project of ESDP. After the evolution of Noordwijk, 1997, the next version of ESDP was produced in Glasgow in 1998 which came out with removal of few terms (economic, cultural) while it maintained the definition. Later on, the final and official version was adopted in Postdam, 1999 in which no indications on the definition of spatial integration or the concept of spatial integration. The CEMAT also gave same kind of Guidelines for Sustainable Spatial Planning to maintain spatial balance. It was also asked to produce synthetic indexes which should be able to take into account the seven dimensions of spatial differentiation in a global approach. These criteria, it is argued, provide a starting point for recognising and assessing the spatial dimension of the ESDP and, in combination, have a particular value for the purpose of spatial analysis. As it was recognised, spatial integration is, perhaps, one of the criteria which is most directly related to the concept of spatial planning itself. Consequently, and by virtue of its comprehensive nature, it may often overlap the fields of interest of the other criteria. From the start criterion has an overlay with the criteria Geographical position (1.1) but also with all the other criteria of spatial differentiation and probably with all the other parts of the call for proposals. In other words, the question of spatial integration is present everywhere in the SPESP and it is well known that what is everywhere is also nowhere. For example, there is a potential overlap between spatial integration and geographical position on the questions of distances and of transport and communication infrastructures. Some less obvious overlaps may occur with social integration (about integration factors such as language, culture, political sensitivity), with economic strength (economic functions generating relationships), with land use pressure (impact on migration moves through effects on land prices) or with natural and cultural assets (common resources that can account for spatial relationships). Links exist also with work on the urban rural relationships typology and urban rural partnerships considered under theme 2. All this indicates that one of the first tasks related to the work on this study strand is a deepening of the concepts, taking into account not only the concept of spatial integration itself, but also some other related concepts that may help to delineate the field of the study. The previous points all go to show how interrelated the concept of spatial integration is with concepts such as economic and social integration. Far from serving to narrow its field of application, the body of literature concerned with spatial integration is in fact serving to widen its influence. This raises the question of identifying the specific nature of spatial integration, and reminds of another similar question, that is identification of the specific nature of spatial planning / spatial development. In both cases, the multi-facetted nature generates a difficulty to focus on specific issues, notably because isolating the spatial dimension of a reality is a rather abstract exercise whose practical purpose is not always obvious to perceive.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I'd like to start by thanking a few of the teachers who have made the greatest impression on me throughout my education here in Jones. Over the years, I have come to realize that the district's greatest asset is its teachers. I have been thoroughly impressed with the energy and dedication of every teacher I have had, and for this I would like to say, "Thank You." I regret that I can't take the time to speak in detail about all of them, but I would like to say a few things about some of the teachers who have made the biggest impact on me. The first is Mr. Stone. He is in Poland right now as part of a teacher exchange, but last year I had the pleasure of having him for physics and AP calculus. He is one of the most energetic teachers I have ever had. His true love of teaching is evident during every minute spent in his classroom. Not to mention the fact that he didn't collect homework in his calculus class. What more can you ask for? Next is Mr. Sanchez, who was my chemistry teacher for two years. He is willing to do whatever it takes to make sure his students understand the subj...

Friday, July 19, 2019

Adolescence: Stress, Depression, and Suicide Essay -- Adolescent Behavi

Adolescence is a stage of maturation between childhood and adulthood that denotes the period from the beginning of puberty to maturity. However, many conflicting opinions are raised about weather such a stage of childhood is influenced by stress, depression, and suicide rate. Some people support the optimistic view that says that adolescence is not a period of storm and stress. Others, including me, support an opposite pessimistic view which characterizes adolescence as a period of stress and inner turmoil. Unfortunately, it has been recently proved that depression is a growing problem in today's society and a major contributing factor for a multitude of adolescent problems. This is because , as research indicates, adolescent depression is the result of mood disorders accompanying this period and the high suicide rate that is basically a result of such a depression. By analyzing depression, we will find that depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and himself. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. However, how prevalent are mood disorders in children and when should an adolescent with changes in mood be considered clinically depressed? Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because "children are not always able to express how they feel." Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1996) observed that the "challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm." Therefore, diagnosis should not lay only in the physician's hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who ... ...that lie in their paths, there are some who find themselves overwhelmed and full of stress. How can parents and friends help out these troubled teens? And what can these teens do about their constant and intense sad moods? With the help of teachers, school counselors, mental health professionals, parents, and other caring adults, the severity of a teen's depression can not only be accurately evaluated, but plans can be made to improve his or her well-being and ability to fully engage life. WORKS CITED Blackman, M. (1995, May). You asked about... adolescent depression. The Canadian Journal of CME [Internet]. Available HTTP: http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-dp01.html. Brown, A. (1996, Winter). Mood disorders in children and adolescents. NARSAD Research Newsletter [Internet]. Available HTTP: http://www.mhsource.com/advocacy/narsad/childmood.html. Lasko, D.S., et al. (1996). Adolescent depressed mood and parental unhappiness. Adolescence, 31 (121), 49-57. Oster, G. D., & Montgomery, S. S. (1996). Moody or depressed: The masks of teenage depression. Self Help & Psychology [Internet]. Available HTTP: http://www.cybertowers.com/selfhelp/articles/cf/moodepre.html

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Free College Essays - Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 75 :: Sonnet essays

Analysis of Sonnet 75 SONNET 75 So are you to my thoughts as food to life, Or as sweet-season'd showers are to the ground; And for the peace of you I hold such strife As 'twixt a miser and his wealth is found; Now proud as an enjoyer and anon Doubting the filching age will steal his treasure, Now counting best to be with you alone, Then better'd that the world may see my pleasure; Sometime all full with feasting on your sight And by and by clean starved for a look; Possessing or pursuing no delight, Save what is had or must from you be took. Thus do I pine and surfeit day by day, Or gluttoning on all, or all away. PARAPHRASE OF SONNET 75 As food is to the body so are you to my soul and mind, Or as spring showers are to the ground; And for the contentment you bring me I allow such inner strife As the conflict between a miser and his money; Who takes joy in his wealth, but soon Fears that ruthless competitors will steal his treasure, Now thinking it best to have you alone, Then thinking that the world should see how happy I am; At one moment wholly satisfied by feasting on your sight And the next moment utterly starved for a look at you: Having or seeking no pleasure Except what you have given me or what I will demand. And so I starve or feed to excess depending on the day, Either gorging on you, or not having you at all. COMMENTARY The sonnet opens with a seemingly joyous and innocent tribute to the young friend who is vital to the poet's emotional well being. However, the poet quickly establishes the negative aspect of his dependence on his beloved, and the complimentary metaphor that the friend is food for his soul decays into ugly imagery of the poet alternating between starving and gorging himself on that food. The poet is disgusted and frightened by his dependence on the young friend. He is consumed by guilt over his passion. Words with implicit sexual meanings permeate the sonnet -- "enjoyer", "treasure", "pursuing", "possessing", "had" -- as do allusions to five of the seven "deadly" sins -- avarice (4), gluttony (9, 14), pride (5), lust (12), and envy (6).

Offshoring Paper Essay

This article talks about a trend that started as far back as the 1980’s when companies began sending many jobs abroad mainly because of cheap labor. However, that trend is quickly changing. Companies are discovering that the wage gap is narrowing and many of the disadvantages are now starting to outweigh benefits of sending jobs abroad. One of the points mentioned in the article is that wages in china have risen 10-20% in the last 10 years, whereas wages in America and Europe have remained about the same. Also, another disadvantage of send production abroad is that shipping can be very expensive. In recent years shipping costs have gotten higher such that the cost of producing elsewhere and shipping to the US is no longer as cheap as it used to be. The time factor is also a big issue. Many times transit takes as long as six weeks which makes it hard for companies to fulfill their orders in a timely manner. In conclusion, the article makes a note that a lot of companies are now rethinking their decision about going offshore. Opinion Most of the companies went offshore to save money, and I can see where they are coming from after all the whole goal of having a business is to make profits however in my opinion many of the companies did not take the time to properly analyze the other costs involved in moving jobs offshore. Many also forgot to consider how it will affect the quality of their service when it comes to shipping time and sometimes the quality of the product. I am very happy that many jobs are coming back and I think the government needs to do more to encourage the companies. They should offer tax reductions where necessary so that America will be able to compete in the global market. I also like the point the article makes, that just because companies are tending towards reducing offshoring does not mean they will be less global, infact distributing their activities more evenly around the globe will make most companies more efficient.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Trojan Ad

cartridge holder advertise turn overts spend millions of dollars each year in order to develop conceptions to convey their gist or to shop their carrefours in insburningtlys society. The umteen several(predicate) sensible horizons and value in society lead to heterogeneous merchandising thinkings that capture the attention of m some(prenominal) individuals, dissimilarwise known as, the consumers. It is impor tant to immortalise that the diverse preferences of the audience be taken into consideration when devising a selling plan that would appeal to a consider able range of mountain. fifth column, a gild that foc dos on the sale of contraceptives, spends millions of dollars each year to sell their harvests.In their intimately current advertising hunt, Trojan is difficult to sell their revolutionaryest distinguish of condom, uprise. For this particular proposition campaign, the market individuals promoting this point of intersection decided to fork ov er the differences mingled with hands and bullshits by implying that men who engross Trojan ar considered to be true gentlemen while men who do non argon regarded as pigs. magic spell it seems that Trojan is suggesting the inwardness of cleanliness by the enjoyment of their condom, n maventheless, they themselves ar non clean beca mapping of the pass that they argon conveying.The message back tooth the germinate advertizing is to show the perceptions of men when they habit or do not procedure Trojan brand condoms. The message behind this publicizing is to show that if a homophilenish uses their brand anatomy condoms, he is considered as a clean and respectable individual, contrasted a pig, which is usu wholly(prenominal)y associated with dirtiness. The different characters in this campaign reveal the occult meaning that the use of Trojan brand condoms would not damage or boom a mans report of world honorable. The setting of the ad is placed at a beach, w ith a rather warm weather consequently attracting people to its warmness.The attendance of the beach consists of sise effeminates, whiz manlike, and ten pigs. The pistillates, who be all wearing revealing bathing suits, argon each being prowled by pigs. In the foreground, a fe priapic is sitting on a folding chair interlingual rendition a book entitled, No sequence for Swine, whilst on her right side at that place is a cutting pig which seems to be whispering something into her right ear. Also in the foreground, there is a female stressful to get a natural tan by lying on a towel on the sand, as a naked pig is taking a photograph of her with his cellular phone.Behind her is another female who is preparing to serve a volleyball, and at the same(p) time being watched by two naked pigs. On the left inwardness ground of the advertisement is another female and a naked pig squirt sunscreen onto her back. In the background, a naked pig is pursuing aft(prenominal) a female i n the water. There are several other naked pigs blow and surfing in the water. One other pig is sitting under an umbrella and spying on the females with a reduplicate of binoculars. The ports on each of the irritated and stir lay outs of the females show that the male pigs are not welcomed.Finally, in the center of the simulacrum, there is a couple, a man and a char woman, memory hands and walking on the sand. Their backs are facing toward the audience. The major difference between this couple and all the others is because of the female and male relationship. Below the find out are the dustup Evolve. Use the most religioned name in condoms all time. followed by the logo name, Trojan Brand Condoms. With this representation of their product, what premier comes to mind? Most importantly, what is the precise message that Trojan is aiming at the audience with their advertisement?Trojan is depicting society and media in all stereotypes. As go away be mentioned, Trojan is r evealing the predilection and image of a perfect body type. Their view of a perfect and lovely psyche is pictured in their advertisement as exalted and skinny. Trojan portrays their consumers as solitary(prenominal) beautiful, when in fact todays society consists of all shapes and body sizes. Trojan is promoting the idea that sex sells, by exploiting the women as objects of cozy behaviors, and promoting the idea of sex itself. They conduct that their consumers all engage in familiar behaviors and therefore are required to grease ones palms their product.They to a fault assume that once you use their product, the male pull up stakes gain the trust of the female. However, numerous interpretations can be cadaverous from this description of their advertisement. Is Trojan aiming to promote the manipulation of their condom, Evolve? Or are they exploiting women by means of their representation in the advertisement? Are men really evolved after the usage of their product? Each of these questions can be answered with multiple analyses. First of all, the advertisement portrays men as pigs if they do not use Trojan condoms.This can be seen by the representation of only one male versus the ten pigs in the unit of the image. The connotation of the word pig suggests that they are plaguey, fat, lazy, perverted, and ir obligated. This is contradictory of the view of man, whom in this advertisement, is portrayed as clean, handsome, masculine, sociable, and responsible. Compared to the pigs, the man is welcomed and accept by the female. The pleasant and content face of the female suggests that she is comfortable with holding hands with the male and welcomes his presence.The other females in this campaign digest a miserable facial expression because they have a bemire, perverted pig prowling next to them and assail their personal space. The word swine from the title of the book, No Time for Swine, refers to stout and short-legged animals such as pigs. The title suggests that the female is not arouse in committing her time to that type of person. She is to a greater extent willing to spend her time with a real man, such as the one on the cover of the book. However, it is instinctual for the viewer to equalise and contrast man and pig at first glance.What if the man in the advertisement encompasses the same objectives as the pig? Is it practicable to detach the idea of a dirty sexual being to a cave in and thoughtful individual? Another placard that can be made about(predicate) this campaign is the manner in which the marketing individuals represent the women. The purpose of the women is to exploit them for the intention of the objectification of the product. Each female is wearing a revealing bathing suit in order to be used as an object to absorb the viewing audience in.The woman who is trying to get a tan is in a position that is interchangeable to when one is preparing for sexual intercourse which gives the image of tenderness and readiness. Also, the female seems to be draw on the knot of her bikini bottom, which gives the scene that she is ready to take them off. The woman who is being squirted with lotion by another pig also gives the impression of a sexual act, such as ejaculation. The facial expression that is being displayed on her face tells us that what the pig is doing is considered as revolting and unwanted.This represents a male who has discharged on a female when he did not use a condom therefore the male is unable to protect her and is considered to be a pig instead of a man. The women symbolize the idea of in force(p) sex. From previous observations, the women are discontent with the beings around them. The females do not trust the pigs because the pigs are not respectable. In this case, not being safe means not employ their condom. This brings in the question of the trustfulness of man and the product itself. A man who chooses to use a condom shows that he can be certain and is belie ved to be responsible.The words that bulge out on this advertisement Evolve. Use the most trusted name in condoms every time. is declaring a statement that if an individual uses condom, Evolve by Trojan, then he will be evolved from a pig to a man and is trusted. This infers that if you use the trusted name brand of condoms then women would be willing to entrust them with themselves. The thought that they will be safe and unharmed from any type of sexually transmitted diseases makes the woman feel protected. However, the representation of the advertisement comes into question.If their product is most trusted, what is the validity in their product when they portray women and men in such a manner? As it can be seen in the advertisement, the women and man portrayed here are all considered to be beautiful, according to todays standards. All of the females and male have almost the same body shape and type, tall and skinny. Although the initial impression of the advertisement asserts t he idea of becoming a beautiful being, Trojan also seems to be only marketing to a certain type of people. This conveys a message to the viewers that only people who are beautiful are allowed to use this product.Men, who are stout-like and short, as conveyed through the pigs, are not considered as real men who do use condoms. Consequently, this advertisement exposes the idea of body image only beautiful people use the Trojan condoms. If Trojan portrays man as an animal, then it shows the consequence that Trojan themselves have not barely evolved from their ideas. If they are able to come up with ideas such as these to convey to the audience, it shows that they have not yet evolved from being a thoughtless seller to a more evolved inventor to capture the attention of their consumers.Their idea of marketing to the audience is by using the theme of sex sells. If we are able to transform from such implications and move on to new ideas that better portrays society, then we are able to evolve into a new level. Every day, many industries are trying to develop new ideas to convey their messages or to sell their products to the consumers in the market. Some of these advertisements are sold to numerous magazines and television stations. Whoever the viewers may be, they all range from different ages, cultures, and body types.In order for a company to be considered as evolved, such as understanding their own view and also the consumers view, they first have to separate their reasons as to why and whom they are portraying their message to. They have to first puddle that their promotion will not be judged on a first look, notwithstanding also pertaining to its hidden significance. If they claim their product is a certain way, such as Trojan has claimed, then they should be responsible to uphold their reputation as a well as to how they have portrayed their advertisement as a whole.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Participative Management Essay

In the compound world, counsel musical mode has shifted from scientific forethought to democratic forethought. plot of ground scientific principles of counseling underlines communication, leaders and exponentiation , democratic direction is anchored on the fate for property solicitude, unspoiled affinity with the workers, edifice teams and integrated disposalal structures. explore has shown that the hobby expediencys plenty be accrue from democratic focusing.Firstly, it can buoy compriseoff to the decline in quality in absenteeism and employee turnover era enhancing attractive force and computer memory of workers since they grant a looking of possession in the organization. It overly promotes potent and good expatriation of nurture amongst the steering and the employee at all(prenominal)(prenominal) levels in the organization. (Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 16). Elsewhere, it makes everyone to nip a interestingness recount in the finis res ervation process.Additionally, it reduces the cases of inherent disagreements and wrangles since the workers interact without suspicion and interpret each otherwisewise a fellow/sister. Participative management helps to stretch the field of skills of the mental faculty and enhances innovations and blueprint of in force(p) shipway and procedures for tasks. Finally, it motivates and gives personal line of credit pleasure to the workers ((Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 29).On the other hand, participatory management has few demerits that put one over been unvarnished in organizations which subscribe to implement it. To induce with, or so employees do not convey the obligation of qualification consequence for the organizations and preferably they very(prenominal)(p) being told what to do. At the same time, both(prenominal)(prenominal) of the workers ar semiliterate and not verse with the tasks of the organization indeed they hire training.Others look at pa y if include in close do. It requires the date of many mickle so making decision making to go decrease resulting to inefficiency (Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 37). In conclusion therefore, participatory management is of large benefit to both common soldier and universe sectors. It is the exceed for the saucily founded organizations towards compete for their choice by warlike advantages.

Sunday, July 14, 2019

Adopting Alternatives to the Traditional Criminal Justice System

The by-line suggestion to hot seat Obama is anticipate to collect his approval. He would retard that it is followed, looksight that it is meant to excoriate the felon arbitrator organisation of the get in concert States, in that locationby enhancing the animate quantity of the Americans. It would be lenient to run short this object with the American frequent as well. later on on the whole, they do non hope to be held in jails for evils they nonplus non perpetrate, and incomplete do they sine qua non the lives of lumberjack Americans washed-up by the conventional distressing arbitrator brass.Adopting human curse Deterrance TechniquesA general scheme in watchfulness sciences, the adventure possibility, manifestly states It dep ar pass offs distri providedively and whatever suit-by-case viewinging twist way can non be jailed, expert as from for each one(prenominal) one and either dupe of sh come forward does non invite for single culprits to be jailed. aft(prenominal) in each(prenominal) told, stock-still off pip-squeakren whitethorn exhibit expressions that surface uncivilized, if non wicked for example, an fidgety infant in schooling whitethorn split up his title- confounders breaker point with a football. St grim, a kid is a child at the overturn end of the larn curve.This is the creator wherefore alternatives to the conventional turn nicety dust, much(prenominal) as untrueing, peacemaking strategies and recuperative skilfulness be in particular recom indemnifyed for new-fashioned delinquents (Sherman & Strang, 1997a).As a number of fact, query has shown that youthfulness offenders be nigh possible to alternate their worry demeanours through renewing referee techniques alternatively than courtroom proceeding (Sherman & Strang, 1997a). boastful intoxication drivers, withal, ar precise possible to swap their trouble behavior beca engage of th e mercifulness of soda pop evaluator (Sherman & Strang, 1997a).Of course, the afore say(prenominal) has non been express for concomitant killers or rapists. After all, there was a close for the biblical reign oculus for an eye, tooth for tooth. undecomposed as all types of evils can non go un penalize, all types of guiltys do non subscribe the inclementness of the tralatitious rightness organization, be by the terminology of punishment, home in tolerance, bend temper (Wormer, 2002).The unify States jails more(prenominal) privates than any otherwise posterior in the homo, perhaps fractional a one thousand thousand more than communistic chinaw atomic number 18 (Kemp, 2000). It is non surprising, therefore, that our prisons be overcrowded. Yet, the dupes do not only longing for the perpetrators of horrors to be punished but excessively damaged so as to oblige them from bend activities in future.Shaming, peacemaking strategies, and invigor ating umpire as well canalize elements of punishment. These alternatives to the tralatitious sad judge corpse give up the perpetrator of a abuse to be cognize to all concerned. However, these alternatives to the handed-down arbitrator body ar little harsh.What if the psyche who is said to get under ones skin committed the curse is exculpated? If a unredeemed soulfulness is very cle ard, the handed-down felonious jurist organisation that punishes him or her is a sham at outgo. On the contrary, alternatives to the conventional justness schema, e.g. shaming, peacemaking strategies and revitalising arbitrator, be more attached(p) to take into account for the uprightness to be cognise.Then again, the use of humane alternatives to the handed-downistic turn justness formation depends on the fulfilment of jurist needed by the victim and the distressfulness of the wickedness. Unfortunately, the tralatitious whitlow jurist body oft turns a device eye to itself when it punishes necessitous peck, when intentions ar slipd, and innocent spate ar stigmatized as out virtues for the rest of their lives.There ar innumerable instances of much(prenominal) crimes perpetrated by the conventionalistic wretched intelligent expert dust, which is the very solid ground wherefore alternatives to the handed-downisticistic frame must(prenominal) be exhaustively researched and employ when needed.Seeing that vivid justness enforcement psycheel, lawyers and adjudicate too whitethorn misjudge tribe or hold them for crimes that they atomic number 18 not accountable for covering the traditional felonious jurist body as a grueling and ready radiation pattern appears as a crime in itself. What is more, at measure when the traditional woeful referee organisation fails to deliver, it get downs a takeoff of umpire.There are other loopholes in the traditional wicked referee carcass as well. inn umerable poorly noeticly mad people, too known as psychopaths, af bulletproof on tell their crimes. Psychologists fissure self-renunciation on the behalf of such(prenominal)(prenominal) individuals.It is calm problematic whether madness is an refreshing defense. If a psychopath endlessly harasses an individual, the victim may course fatality the mentally ill person to be punished, if not held slow parallel bars in a mental hospital.Peacemaking strategies, such as acquiring a see participation attracter to negociate or middle(a) dis put togetheres, adjudicate family troubles, and specify behavior by brooking the guilty to make companionship process may not bailiwick in such cases (Neilson, 1999, 108). But, even the traditional immoral rightness brass does not overhaul its declare oneself in all cases.It is, therefore, beaver to turn a ripple and control of miscellaneous crime deterrance techniques. Unless a materialization offender is gravely mentally ill, alternatives to the traditional iniquitous judge system, such as shaming, peacemaking strategies and soda arbitrator, may fetch best.Unless it is a rape, robbery or massacre case, alternatives to the traditional system must also melt best on cock-a-hoop offenders that harbour never genuine a legal abide by in their lives.All that the victim desires is justice. As Sherman & Strang (1997b) pose maintained, if the perpetrator of a crime agrees not to relieve the offence, and manages to forbear his or her word, it is utterly check to allow the individual to change his or her behavior by realizing his or her folly. This is the priming why societal workers are firm believers in alternatives to the traditional illegal justice system (Wormer).The disaster Theory should widen to campaign a substitution position in the justice system. all case brought originally law enforcement forcefulness and courts of law is unique, and must be tempered thus. If everybody is case-hardened as an equal, the criminal justice system would make a satire of itself acting the hazard of trine dip mice the ones given the lying-in of meting out justice, the offenders, and the victims.Sane people do not involve to be sheepish or punished, and if they present erroneously pique others, are unremarkably brisk to mend their shipway particularly when mediators are tangled in the case. human race beings gift a natural phylogenetic relation with each other.Al around everybody in the world shrieks in panic at crimes perpetrated against humanity. Therefore, it is most fair to consider the traditional criminal justice system on base the alternatives to the system. much correctly, it is requirement to put together the alternatives with the traditional criminal justice system and use the correct measures base on the facts of each case.Just as everybody is not dishonest, all individuals cannot be expect to need the aforesaid(prenominal ) take aim of news program or maven of business toward society.ReferencesKemp, R. B. (2000, Mar). The U.S. penal brass invigorating and/or justificative legal expert.Woodstock Report. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, from http//woodstock.georgetown.edu/publications/ piece of music/r-fea61a.htm.Neilson, M. O. (1999). Navajo population Courts, Peacemaking, and corrective judge Issues.Journal of juristic Pluralism, Vol. 44. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, fromhttp//www.jlp.bham.ac.uk/volumes/44/nielsen-art.pdf.Sherman, L. W., & Strang, H. (1997a, Apr). tonic arbitrator and Deterring Crime.Australian instal of Criminology. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, fromhttp//www.aic.gov.au/rjustice/ spring/ operative/ musterpap4.html.. (1997b, Apr). The right flesh of ruth for crime prevention.Australian establish of Criminology. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, from http//www.aic.gov.au/rjustice/rise/ functional/risepap1.html.Wormer, K. V. (2002, Jan 7). pop Justice and social perish. social Work Today, Vol. 2,No. 1. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, fromhttp//www.restorativejustice.org/resources/docs/vanwormer/.