Three Methods for Teaching and Evaluating Writing free essay sample

An investigation was led to decide if there were critical contrasts in understudy execution dependent on three strategies for instructing and assessing writing.â These techniques are staff audit, bunch survey, and Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) by means of a web programming program, which were arbitrarily doled out to classes whose understudies were given pretests, medicines and posttests including four unique circumstances, i.e., direct solicitation, altruism, negative, and powerful. Under the staff survey technique, careful and exact remarks demonstrated valuable for calling attention to explicit issues, clarifying them and making proposals for their goals (Plutsky Wilson, 2004). In any case, this may involve a great deal of time, so some staff select to utilize peer survey instead.â Peer audits directed with understudies writing as a team with one another would in general improve students’ composing aptitudes and capacity for basic reasoning (Plutsky Wilson, 2004).â The subjectivity of individual conclusions can be tightened or even dispensed with by forcing rules and rules to build up consistency and dependability. We will compose a custom paper test on Three Methods for Teaching and Evaluating Writing or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The particular approach portrayed above was utilized on a gathering of understudies of the subject Analysis of Communication for Business, which created changing results.â Under the workforce audit strategy, understudies scored higher on every one of the four circumstances (Plutsky Wilson, 2004), maybe on the grounds that the understudies rewarded the work all the more truly on the grounds that it was allocated by a teacher.â Students under the gathering survey technique got better grades than those under CPR, aside from concerning the altruism message (Plutsky Wilson, 2004), most likely in light of the fact that understudies had no open door for conversation under the last mentioned and along these lines had their own comprehension of the issues in question.  as a rule, notwithstanding, while results shifted in specific regards, they demonstrated that any of the three techniques would be compelling in encouraging understudies composing capability. Reference List: Plutsky, S., and Wilson, B.A. (2004). Correlation of three strategies for educating and assessing composing: a semi expermiental study. The Delta Phi Epsilon Journal, 46 (

Business of world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business of world - Essay Example The organic product is from Dry Creek, Russian River, and Napa/Carneros and most as of late, Anderson Valley is all from vineyards claimed by the Caranos however with progress comes development. Winemaker Aaron Piotter clarifies that Ferrari-Carano has grown out of in Healdsburg. While white wine creation proceeds at the first winery, Don and Rhonda looked to the future and chose to buy land in the encompassing slopes of Sonoma. Running red wines are not new to the portfolio; a few have been presented over past years, for example, Ferrari-Carano’s Meritage mix Tresor and its own adaptation of a Super Tuscan, Siena. Be that as it may, the time had come to extend, so another winery was constructed explicitly for red wine creation in the core of the Caranos’ most recent bequest, on a mountain over the Alexander Valley close Geyserville. Piotter devoted his time and vitality to creation at this new best in class office, henceforth prompting his every day achievement. Piotte r, on his visit to Los Angeles, revealed to The Tasting Panel that they called their new mark â€Å"prevail†. The rich, concentrated mountain organic product originates from two unmistakable farms and goes into two kin wines. Win West Face is from Look Out Mountain, a mix of 70% Cabernet Sauvignon and 30% Syrah, developed in profound, supplement rich soils. The 2004 Prevail West Face has energetic blackberry natural product, with notes of cardamom and dark pepper that waits through the completion. Win Back 40 is named for the 40-section of land square of vineyards route in the rear of RockRise Mountain. Dull berry, caramel and sweet vanilla perseveres on the sense of taste of this 100% Cabernet Sauvignon. Ferrari-Carano Winemaker Aaron Piotter initially worked with Sangiovese creation in the late 90s at Sebastiani. Piotter takes note of that there was very little of those varietal in California at that point, and the deficiency couldn't likely be settled. He further included that It was a troublesome grape to help make into a significant wine. In any case, they likewise discover it very rich, so they thought of a mix called Siena. Sangiovese has inclined toward a mainstay of structure from Malbec, whose Ferari-Corano’s most recent task is Prevail, a fitting name for mountain reds. The mix for the 2005 Siena, Sonoma County, is around 75% Sangiovese, 25% malbec. By and by, Pinot Noir is not too far off, with another home vineyard venture in Mendocino. Piotter clarified that they understood that their property in the Russian River and Carneros was appropriate for Chardonnay, however not to Pinot Noir. He said that they had incredible karma in the Anderson Valley; they were close to the sea at their 2,000-foot height at Sky High Ranch, where his associate, Sarah Quider, their winemaker for white wine, Pinot Noir and pastry wines, had made some lovely Pinot’s from that home. The new Ferrari-Carano Pinot is anticipated to be inspected in its fir st vintage, which goes to bottle this spring. Question2: Discuss a particular company’s issues comparative with infringement of a law ensuring workers, for example, the Equal compensation Act, the Civil Rights Act or the Americans with Disability Act. Moral business direct and consistence with pertinent laws and guidelines are major parts of Sony’s corporate culture (Sony 3). To this end, Sony has set up a Global Compliance Network included the Compliance Division at the corporate base camp, a worldwide consistence administration group and local consistence

Blog Archive MBA News Harvard Business School Still Reigns Supreme in the Bloomberg Businessweek 2016 MBA Ranking

Blog Archive MBA News Harvard Business School Still Reigns Supreme in the Bloomberg Businessweek 2016 MBA Ranking Bloomberg Businessweek released its 2016 MBA rankings on Wednesday, with Harvard Business School in the top spot for the second year in a row. The rest of the top five, however, held some surprises: the Stanford Graduate School of Business rose five spots from last year’s seventh place to second this year. Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business saw an equally impressive climb, landing in third place after being ranked eighth in 2015. One of the strongest ascents was that of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College: the school placed fifth this year, rising notably from 14th last year. The Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University was perhaps one of the biggest surprises this yearâ€"the school was ranked eighth, gaining 11 positions from last year. This is the program’s first time in the Bloomberg Businessweek top ten. Of course, not everyone can have a good year. Many highly prestigious institutions were left out of the top ten, perhaps indicating that schools previously considered “diamonds in the rough” have come to challenge the ranks. Columbia Business School fell from the top ten; having stood at sixth in 2015, it was ranked 11th this year. The University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business ranked 13th, down three positions from last year, and the Yale School of Management similarly slipped three spots from 2015 and now stands in 14th place. Share ThisTweet Duke University (Fuqua) Harvard University (Harvard Business School) News Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business)

Critical Analysis Critical Anthropomorphism

Critical Anthropomorphism This story illustrates beautifully the idea of â€Å"critical anthropomorphism† as one way to understand how other animals think, feel and operate in their own worlds – possibly with senses that most of us don’t even know we have. Using this approach, developed by biologist Gordon Burghardt, a scientist or layperson combines scientific knowledge, including behavior studies of the animal and its habit, with a perceptual shift. In a sense, he or she steps into the animal’s world, tries to sense it as it might sense the world, to walk in its shoes – or, as Burghardt put it, wear the snake’s skin. Burghardt, alumni Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, has worked primarily on reptile†¦show more content†¦Burghardt and Rivas write: â€Å"Too often ethologists and herpetologists regard snakes and other reptiles as robot-like machines or as animals so alien from us that attempting to put ourselves into their world, even heuristically, is both useless and a scientifically dangerous conceit. On the contrary, approaching unresolved issues by considering the perceptual world and the perspective of the target animal may generate testable hypotheses that were previously unconsidered.† Burghardt and Rivas also point out that â€Å"female ethologists have correctly emphasized the value that taking a female perspective has added to our understanding of social behavior.† In other words, human beings do not come through only one doorway; the same is true for every other creature. And that is a consequential truth not only for science, but for how all of us perceive the world, ourselves, and other animals. All of this makes me wonder how laypeople could apply it to their own lives. Most of us won’t be coming up with testable hypotheses or doing rigorous research. We would be, or are, more like the boy who became the grasshopper. Critical anthropomorphism suggests ways that adults (and children) could explore the bond they have, or could have, with other animals, domestic or wild. HarryShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Yann Martel s Life Of Pi1215 Words   |  5 Pagesexperience of extreme struggle and fight for survival in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Through a range of literary techniques, Martel presents a set of complex themes such as religion, faith and survival making his work worthy of study and deep analysis. However, the understanding and perception of these concepts varies for each reader, as every person’s beliefs and personal context strongly influence this interpretation. Martel digs into the intricacy of human nature, exploring the existentialRead MoreRabbi Moshe Ben Maimon, A Jewish Scholar, Astrologer And Physician Of The Twelfth Century1407 Words   |  6 Pagespublished the first of his major works, Commentary on the Mishnah. Published in Arabic in 1168, this was the first critical commentary ever written on the entire Mishnah, the extensive collection of oral Jewish teachings. Maimonides approached the teachings in such a way that con solidated the exhaustive discussion of the Mishnah with the conclusion to be found, using his in-depth analysis to explain ideas more effectively. Commentary on the Mishnah elucidated the clashing and contrasting discussionsRead MoreEssay Belonging Critical Analysis - August Rush1341 Words   |  6 Pagesinternal sense of connection and safety. For one to have a sense of belonging they must first have and understanding of what belonging is and there should be an internal connection between them and the place that they are belonging to. This critical analysis will reveal how the movie â€Å"August Rush† directed by Kirsten Sheridan, relates to the concept of belonging. August Rush is a story of drama with fairy tale elements. August Rush is separated from his parents from birth and he is determined toRead MoreThe Death Of The Hired Man By Robert Frost1500 Words   |  6 Pages No, but he hurt my heart the way he lay And rolled his old head on that sharp-edged chair-back (Frost 8). Frost used the right word, sharp-edged, to give accuracy to the picture. Bess Cooper Hopkins conducted a critical analysis, A Study of â€Å"The Death of the Hired Man, in The English Journal. Hopkins concluded that, â€Å"In all the lines the diction is simple, precise, economical. The words of the narrator are somewhat elementary and are homely. This simplicity persistsRead More Adorno and Horkheimers Dialectic of Enlightenment Essay3209 Words   |  13 Pages(DoE, p.xi). The result is a totalising critique of modernity; a diagnosis of why the Enlightenment project failed with no attempt to prescribe a cure. This is achieved by a historical-philosophical study of the mythic world-view of animism and anthropomorphism and the Enlightenment attempt to dissolve myth through objectification and instrumental reason. DoE also uses Homers Odyssey as a metaphorical interpretation of this historical change, where Odysseus is the prototype of the bourgeois man. Read MoreEssay about The Works of E. B. White1540 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"It’s simply a perfect book,† noted Bennett Cerf, a famous publisher. â€Å"The characters are believable, the story line is suspenseful and moves swiftly, and the setting offers many surprises† he said. (To The Point, 52). Dana Gerhardt presents in her analysis that the theme of death is firmly imprinted into the text of Charlotte’s Web from the opening picture of the book where Fern’s father is marching with ax in hand to kill a newborn piglet, to the climactic death of Charlotte at the empty fairgroundsRead MoreDiscourse on Method Essay example3627 Words   |  15 Pagestheory, avant-garde art experiments, and electronic media (xi) for the invention of new methods of academic research and the production of new kinds of texts. Theory, Ulmer notes, is assimilated into the humanities in two principal ways - by critical interpretation and by artistic experiment (3). Heuretics, then, is to be contrasted with hermeneutics. The relevant question for heuretic reading is not the one guiding criticism (according to the theories of Freud, Marx, Wittgenstein, DerridaRead MoreMoby Dick : The Age Of Ecological Crisis3655 Words   |  15 PagesReading Moby-Dick in the Age of Ecological Crisis Within the relatively nascent tradition of ecological literary criticism, Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick has only recently begun to receive critical attention for its environmental themes and content, whereas the environmental movement has long celebrated his contemporaries Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau for their innumerable contributions towards developing an American literary tradition of environmentally centered writings (Schulz 97)Read MoreHow to Define Psychology5680 Words   |  23 Pagesstructure and function of the sense organs, through the processing of sensory information, to the nature of subjective experience and the methods by which an accurate description of these experiences is obtained. An understanding of perception is critical for all areas within psychology. The modern study of perception is highly integrative, combining cognitive, behavioural, and developmental and neuroscientific approaches. There have been numerous studies into the nature- nurture debate regardingRead MoreThe Starbucks Brandscape and Consumers10413 Words   |  42 Pages(Thompson 1997). In this process, provisional understandings are formed, challenged, revised, and further developed through an iteradve movement between individual transcripts and the emerging understanding of the entire set of textual data. Our analysis induced two distinctive types of local coffee shop consumption. In presenting these findings, we first discuss the structural aspects of the Starbucks brandscape. Next, we explicate the defining experiences and underlying cultural meanings, ideals

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia - 2145 Words

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder and it is defined by the diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-IV) as a term introduced by Bleuler, which refers to a persistent, often chronic and usually serious mental disorder affecting a variety of aspects of behavior, thinking, and emotion. Patients with delusions or hallucinations may be described as psychotic. Thinking may be disconnected and illogical. Peculiar behaviors may be associated with social withdrawal and disinterest. According to the DSM-IV, schizophrenia is divided into positive and negative clusters of mental symptoms. The positive may be considered as symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Unlike the positive symptoms, the negative cluster of symptoms for†¦show more content†¦The media portrays people with schizophrenia to be violent and also able to commit gruesome murders. With this negative media attention people in the United States seem to have an obscured idea about this mental illness. T here are positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms each different in their own way; but work together to formulate schizophrenia. The positive symptoms displayed in a patient with schizophrenia, which are the obvious sighs of psychosis. The patient at this point is experiencing disturbing forms of hallucination and delusions. About 50 percent to 70 percent of schizophrenic patients experience delusions, hallucinations, or both (Durand Barlow, 2009, p.472). A delusion is basically a fixed falls belief or something that may be viewed by the public as a misrepresentation. There are two different types of delusions: delusion of grandeur where the person feels like they are god and everyone looks up to them, and delusions of persecution: where the person fears that others are out to get them. The delusion of persecution and delusion of grander are actually the most common form of delusion in patients with schizophrenia. A man by the name of Edgar beliefs in his mind that people are out to

Monk s Character And Personality - 1344 Words

The flaws in the character, Adrian Monk, are probably for the plot of the show. Monk’s unique character and personality are due to his OCD. As mentioned in the earlier, the detective developed his obsessive-compulsive disorder after the murder of his wife Judy in a car bomb. The death traumatized the renowned detective and led to him trying to solve the murder mystery throughout the series. Monk’s OCD case would be considered an acquired type (Pitman). There has been a similar case to Monk. In a study by Pitman, a 59-year-old woman developed OCD and phobias after seeing the charred body of her daughter. The two cases of OCD have both been acquired after the two patients were traumatized by the death of their loved ones. Similar to OCD, a traumatic event may trigger the development of a phobia (mayoclinic2). In the series, Adrian Monk is revealed to have an older brother named Ambrose Monk. As stated in â€Å"Mr. Monk and the Three Pies,† Ambrose spent 32 years in his home without ever leaving it due to his agoraphobia or fear of open places. In a slideshow produced by WebMD, there is a statement stating immediate family members of people with phobias are three times more likely to develop a phobia than those without a family history, therefore it is not a coincidence that Adrian and Ambrose have both developed phobias. Researchers at the Emory University School of Medicine have discovered that mice can pass on learned information about traumatic or stressful experiences. ThisShow MoreRelatedChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 Pagesincluded a variation of personalities, which helped to define each of the social classes in The Middle Ages. Each character were to tell two tales on the journey to Canterbury and two tales returning from Canterbury. 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IT Resources OF Schaffer Corporation- Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the IT Resources OF Schaffer Corporation. Answer: Background of the Company The headquarters of Schaffer Corporation is in Vilonia. The corporation made satisfactory progress on 2002 where the annual sale of the organisation is around 2 billion dollars. The organisation comprises of three divisions that are autonomous. Reitzel division which is one of the three divisions of Schaffer contributes 80% of the total profit for the Schaffer. This division of Schaffer has the potential for most expansion other that any two divisions of Schaffer. In past three divisions of Schaffer has own IT departments for their different divisions. Past few years the company has integrated the IT departments of three divisions together. The corporation has centralised Information Technology systems. In 2002 the ambition as well as the vision had been established by managing director. This helped them to identify that the organisations IT department does not has the capability of meeting their demands in future. Therefore, a controversial problem exists in the organisation about t he outsourcing. Benefits Company will Achieved by Outsourcing The management recommended that outsourcing of the IT resources will help in the developmental process in Schaeffer. The management also identified that outsourcing IT companies will help in increasing the efficiencies in IT field accompanied with minimizing the cost as well as achieving goals (Schwarz, 2014). The management of the company has a firm trust that the organisation will receive many benefits once they achieve outsourcing. The management also identifies that the IT department within the organisation is unable to meet the requirements, which is significantly needed for the expansion of the organisation on the ground of innovative product lines as well as services. If the organisation is maintaining internal IT department it would be too expensive for them (Gonzlez, Gasc Llopis, 2016). On outsourcing the resources of IT the organisation will gain control in expenses. Setting up IT department is too costly and have restrictions on the organisation. On outsourcing the IT resources the expense will also reduce for department of IT in the field of training cost and labour expense. The process of outsourcing will also help in increasing the flexibility of the organisation as well as management will also improve. The maintenance of IT infrastructures will led in increasing the burden of the organisation, which can be minimise with the help of outsourcing (Willcocks Cullen, 2013). Outsourcing the resources of IT will help in saving the capital expenditure and the fund required for supplying the software and hardware. Moreover, the corporation investment for purchasing software, training of employees and implementing new technologies will not be require if the resources are been outsourced. This will provide advantages to Schaffer on the long term basis by returning high returns (Pfaller et al., 2014). One of the primary reasons for outsourcing the IT employees are the corporation needed skilled professionals. Since IT is not the core competency for the organisation it will permit them to concentrate on providing products of high quality. So IT outsourcing will help in transferring the burden of IT to the employees having more knowledge and expertise on the specialised field. Therefore, outsourcing the employees will help the company in saving time as well as funds for trainings of employees (Davy, 2014). Schaffer will have the capability of operating as tier 1 provider of services on outsourcing excellent quality of providers of service. Outsourcing is a significant consideration as it helps the company in achieving their goal by getting services of high end. Steps Taken for developing RFP In order for developing the request for proposal on IT services needs depth knowledge on the requirement of the organization on the basis of resources as well as infrastructures. The corporation required to hire outside consultant for helping in research as well as developing the request for proposal along with the management (Venter, 2016). This permits better understanding of the requirement of Schaffer. The above process is not short as the time taken by consultant for collecting data as well as information on the type of infrastructure required by Schaffer in the field of IT for operating at strategic level is around one year. In formulating RFP it is required for fully detailing the specific infrastructures of IT as well as the commitment that will be fulfilled by outsource company. In developing the RFP it is also needed for providing the cost for each activity along with the current and expected estimated cost (Blanco, Garca-Pealvo Sein-Echaluce, 2013). The expected cost need ed to be compared with the current cost for determining whether it would be advantageous for the corporation to outsource IT. These steps are needed for the issuing of RFP, which has a response time for 2 months for the contract company (St Nam, 2015). Role of Outside Consultant The workforce of Schaffer had restricted knowledge on selecting the potential vendors for the process of outsourcing IT departments (Ashrafi et al., 2014). The outside consultant Gartner assisted them in identifying and spotting the IT services they needed and the outsourcing companies that has the capabilities in meeting their international requirements (Howlett Migone, 2013). The outsourcing companies helps in equipment locating, adjudging the roles of employees, processes of IT knowledge and identification of services required by Schaffer in order to outsource for achieving the goals of future (Sabri et al., 2014). After collection of information and computing them the companies recommended by Gartner are ABC and DEF, which have the capacity for meeting the specific requirements in future to support their global growth. Gartner also warn the task force of corporate that the process of outsourcing might not be the efficient decision for cost savings (Gunter Mills, 2017). Disadvantages of Outsourcing raised by managers According to the divisional managers of Schaffer there are some disadvantages for outsourcing IT department. The department of IT plays a significant role for the success of the company as information and data are considered to be the heart of the company. It is significant to take consideration carefully regarding the decisions of IT department (Dinu, 2015). The concern exists that if the relationship fails with ABC Company then the company can take the procedure of understaffing and the ABC service level will reduce the quality. The disadvantages of outsourcing the services of IT are it involves high costs as well as risks. The other divisional management got panic as they think that the decision are been taken naively without understanding fully the cost that the company will be going to pay for outsourcing on a long term (Betz Tidona, 2015). The outsourcing expense is exactly the same as in-house cost of IT that is around 20 million dollars on the basis of the bid taken place. There is also a chance that ABC Company, in future may not continue in meeting the needs of the company and that will be a huge loss for the company. Moreover the transactional volume may also not be predicted by Schaffer and ABC. It may yields in causing unexpected cost as well as future uncertainties (Li Wan, 2014). It was also been discussed that ABC will primarily concentrates on the division Reitzel as it has the potential of growth among the three divisions that Schaffer have. The other two divisions may also feel that they are not been given the priorities that can adversely affected the sales as well as growth. The above disadvantages confronted by the divisional managers regarding Schaffers outsourcing the services of IT are quite obvious. There lie tremendous uncertainties as well as high risks with outsourcing, therefore before implementing it thorough analysis is needed (Ahmed, Perera IllanNoon, 2015). Some managers have suggested a third alternative: outsource the IT infrastructure for the specific division only. Which alternative do you think they should choose, and why On the field of outsourcing in Schaffer corporation the Gartner Consulting Group presented two options in front of the management. The two options presented by Gartner are maintain the IT sourcing currently present within the organisation or Outsourcing IT department to ABC Corporation. The third option presented by the vice president of Colbert Division is to outsource the IT department to ABC Corporation only for the division of Reitzel and maintaining internal It source for the division of Kinzer and Colbert. The management of Schaffer can take the best decision by outsourcing the full requirements of IT to ABC. If the organisation decides for maintain the in-house of sourcing of IT at the same level they will only be capable of maintaining the current production level and will not be able in attaining new goals for further expansion as well as acquirement in Europe. In the current department of IT Schaffer has only 7 employees. Therefore the process of recruitment will take a large amount of time. It will also not be a cost effective process for hiring the employees that is needed for the growth of the project (Teo Bhattacharjee, 2014). The management estimated that for developing the requirements of IT they will require a budget of around 200 million dollars. The second option is outsourcing the full IT department to the outsourcing company ABC Corporation that will help the company in gaining more flexibility. On outsourcing this specific department the tedious work of hiring employees according to the requirements. The outsourcing will make ABC Corporation be liable for the full IT department regarding hiring, procuring equipment as well as training (Xi, Xu Todo, 2013). This helps the organisation in reallocating the resource for development and growth and not worrying about the department of IT. In the field of IT ABC Corporation will have the access of skilful employees with higher knowledge in technical subjects and highly efficient workers (Brinkkemper Jansen, 2016). Reitzel divisions vice president Mr. Charles Gibbs has also exhibited the problems of the ongoing system that will be alleviating by ABC Corporation. He also stated that the dissatisfaction of the customers on their current structures of health desk will be reduced on ce the department of IT is been outsourced. The outsourcing will help in increasing the level of quality of the customer service as the support area provided by ABC Corporation will be much efficient as they have skilful workers. However, despite the fact that there are lot of advantages related on outsourcing to ABC, some portion of the Schaeffer administration had a few ditherings with this choice. Vivian Johnson, the VP of IT for Kinzer division, trusted that by completely outsourcing the department of IT to the ABC would be excessively solid of relation with outside source, particularly a substantial source like ABC who has different customers and needs. While the present organization functioned admirably with Schaeffer, a dread exists that as staff turnovers happen inside ABC, Schaeffer would turn into a less vital piece of that association. Additionally she was worried that with the immense move in the IT office will alter the way of life of the association, and make vulnerability inside their reliable representative base, as this bearing would prompt enormous cutbacks (Chan Ng, 2015. Likewise, Vivian noticed that an added expenses to the understanding, as ABC felt extra assets ought to be included; Sc haeffer would need to pay to achieve those advantages as opposed to getting them. Carlol Hanna, the VP of finance of the Colbert division, additionally did not feel completely great with this assertion. She guarantees that the hazard and the advantages don't adjust for the entire association, particularly since the cost of outsourcing was equal to that of keeping up the IT office in house (Hassanain et al., 2015). Her principle delays lay in the way that just a single office would completely profit by this move, and that if Schaeffer somehow happened to outsource it ought to just do as such for the Reitzel division. The third and the last option that was been stated was to outsource the IT department of Reitzel division. This will ensure that some of the in-house IT expertise will be there in Schaffer. This option will not allow Schaffer to pass all the IT expertise To ABC Corporation. The main issue is that on outsourcing Schaffer will require in reducing their departments of IT as well as resources. This will not only make the organisation to lost the trust as well as loyal employees but it will also led the organisation to lose all the controls of IT department to an outsource company. The other two division of Schaffer namely Kinzer and Colbert feel the IT department of their division should be kept intact. The manager of the other two divisions thinks that if the relation with the outsourcing company defoliate then the division will be bound to start up the recruiting and retraining process and this will add extra amount of fund to their divisions (Schneiderjans, Schneiderjans Schneiderjan s, 2015). If the division of Reitzel are implementing the outsourcing option in their IT department the organisation will be in a great position to start as the other two divisions will have their internal IT departments. This option will impose more costs on the company as the scale of economies is been losing as they divide the departments of IT in separate entities. However, though it is risky decision to undertake but Schaffer must take the decision of outsourcing the department of IT since the outsourcing company has the ability to meet the growing demand of Schaffer. Why do you think so many disadvantages were raised after the task force recommendation had been developed Schaeffer has an exceptionally extraordinary business circumstance as its diverse divisions have altogether different necessities, business capacities (fabricating/circulation for deals and monetary administrations), and benefit and development openings. Reitzel division works on a bigger scale with more noteworthy open doors for deals development and profitability (Maley et al., 2015). Once the team built up the strategy for success they introduced to Schaeffer's top administration, portraying their arrangements of outsourcing the IT divisions yet keeping all frameworks improvement in house. It was evident from their portrayal that the thinking behind the outsourcing was fundamentally because of the substantial scale objectives of Reitzel division. Case study analysis demonstrates the vital development objectives of acquisitions and topographical extensions would be unfulfilled still they had higher quality and adaptable IT assets. However, these objectives are equipped towards the Reitzel division. The team stresses that when they have procurement the interest for IT spike. Likewise, in their worldwide markets, for example, Europe the developments will require more noteworthy assets. At last, the team underlines how ABC has broad preparing, an information base and a bigger staff that has the capacity to support the operation of Schaffer. There were numerous responses to the proposition of outsourcing to ABC as well as the inconveniences of outsourcing stemmed when the team suggested it since it was not profiting for Schaeffer. It was an answer straightforwardly for the IT division of Reitzel to use. Other divisions examined the proposition as well as visualise the opportunities that ABC is providing is not necessary. They additionally had an opportunity to examine it through a non - one-sided point of view. Since other two divisions were not as reliant on the department of IT outsourcing requires they could examine the circumstance all the more reasonably. The division of Kinzer raised the disadvantages that indicated worries with their reliance on ABC. They specify the unrecognized danger of depending on ABC as well as considers conceivable outcomes that the team is ignoring, for example, cutbacks, or if surprising issues emerge. The general dread was the smaller divisions will have to bear more expenses than advantage for outsourcing the department of IT. The other division chiefs perceive how Reitzel would profit by this change, and feel as if the choice needs to take a gander at the way that the smaller divisions don't have an indistinguishable development opening as that of Reitzel and in this manner won't profit by the heaviness of the additional expenses of outsourcing department of IT. This change states that smaller divisions are in need to modify their financial plans to suit the higher expenses, and may bring about littler rewards. The finance of Colbert division indicates concerns in regards to risk and cost. They are giving a budgetary point of view and are thinking about the costs all the more reasonably as they are'nt as reliant on the IT division. Their viewpoint demonstrates that it is not worth the expenses, and the expenses of the outsourcing are never a set cost but rather a developing expense (Vaxevanou Konstantopoulos, 2015). This disadvantage been exhibited after taskforce team made the proposition since they could examine the expenses and offset the advantages and the costs. As they find the advantages it conveys to the Reitzel division will prompt extra expenses for two other divisions. In any case, the Reitzel IT division energetically underpins the decision since it helps in the development of division. How could this controversy have been avoided The task force that made the proposal carries disadvantages for the other two divisions as they will not be benefited by the outsourcing decisions like as Reitzel division will achieve. The situation could have been avoided if they worked together with the heads of all division, and experienced the advantages and detriments of outsourcing collaborately. Encourage by teaching each divisions completely on how outsourcing will profit every division separately would have intensely diminished the discussion level required in deciding of outsourcing. They also could have chosen another arrangement, to isolate up the organization and outsourcing requirements. The avoiding of controversy could have been achieved if the organization has been considered overall regarding this choice as opposed to concentrating on the objectives of only one division. Schaeffer having three individual divisions, with various capacities, gainfulness' and objectives, yet they were settling on choices because of on e objective. Along these lines in the event that they had teamed up and analysed each divisions needs together they could have had a more practical way to deal with the outsourcing choice. Since they trust that outsourcing for only one division is excessively costly for ABC they ought to consider outsourcing on small scaled organization. Consequently the whole Schaeffer Corporation ought to outsource its IT division to an organization that can redo its administrations to suit Schaeffer's particular needs, including great client benefit and also solid IT administrations. They ought not to outsource for only one division on the grounds that with various working frameworks it would be troublesome for Harding to keep request and control as the data can't be arranged effortlessly. He would be in risk of disregarding the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Facilitate, by guaranteeing all divisions are all on system Harding will expand the estimation of Schaeffer's system framework, which concurs with Met calfe law. References Ahamed, M., Perera, B. A. K. S., IllanNoon, I. M. C. S. (2015). In-house versus outsourcing facilities management: A framework for value-added selection in sri lankan commercial buildings. Ashrafi, R., Sharma, S. K., Al-Badi, A. H., Al-Gharbi, K. (2014). Achieving business success through information and communication technologies adoption by small and medium enterprises in Oman.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,22(1), 138-146. Betz, U. A., Tidona, C. A. (2015). Outcubation [mdash] where incubation meets outsourcing.Nature biotechnology,33(1), 20-21. Blanco, . F., Garca-Pealvo, F. J., Sein-Echaluce, M. (2013, November). A methodology proposal for developing adaptive cMOOC. InProceedings of the First International Conference on Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality(pp. 553-558). ACM. Brinkkemper, S., Jansen, S. (2016).Collaboration in Outsourcing: a Journey to Quality. Springer. Chan, T. M. K., Ng, S. W. (2015). Management of Outsourcing Extra-Curricular Activities in Primary Schools: Issues and Considerations.International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration Management (CCEAM)),43(1). Davy, A. (2014). Sourcing of It ServicesIndustry Trends.Information Systems in Management,2(3), 102-112. Dinu, A. M. (2015). The risks and benefits of outsourcing.Knowledge Horizons. Economics,7(2), 103. Gonzlez, R., Gasc, J., Llopis, J. (2016). Information Systems Outsourcing Reasons and Risks: Review and Evolution.Journal of Global Information Technology Management,19(4), 223-249. Gunter, H. M., Mills, C. (2017). Professionals as Consultants in and outside of Companies. InConsultants and Consultancy: the Case of Education(pp. 47-58). Springer International Publishing. Hassanain, M. A., Assaf, S., Al-Hammad, A. M., Al-Nehmi, A. (2015). A multi-criteria decision making model for outsourcing maintenance services.Facilities,33(3/4), 229-244. Howlett, M., Migone, A. (2013). Policy advice through the market: The role of external consultants in contemporary policy advisory systems.Policy and Society,32(3), 241-254. Li, D. F., Wan, S. P. (2014). Fuzzy heterogeneous multiattribute decision making method for outsourcing provider selection.Expert systems with applications,41(6), 3047-3059. Maley, J. F., Kowalkowski, C., Brege, S., Biggemann, S. (2015). Outsourcing maintenance in complex process industries: Managing firm capabilities in lock-in effect.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,27(5), 801-825. Pfaller, R., Fiedler, M., Picot, A., Tuschke, A. (2014, January). Antecedents of IT Outsourcing--A Longitudinal Approach. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4650-4659). IEEE. Sabri, S. M., Sulaiman, R., Ahmad, A., Tang, A. (2014, November). A review on IT outsourcing practices for e-business transformation among SMEs in Malaysia. InInformation Technology and Multimedia (ICIMU), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 124-129). IEEE. Schniederjans, M. J., Schniederjans, A. M., Schniederjans, D. G. (2015).Outsourcing and insourcing in an international context. Routledge. Schwarz, C. (2014). Toward an understanding of the nature and conceptualization of outsourcing success.Information Management,51(1), 152-164. St, T. K., Nam, H. V. (2015). REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) RFP No. UNFPA/VNM/15/03. Teo, T. S., Bhattacherjee, A. (2014). Knowledge transfer and utilization in IT outsourcing partnerships: A preliminary model of antecedents and outcomes.Information Management,51(2), 177-186. Vaxevanou, A., Konstantopoulos, N. (2015). Basic principles the philosophy of outsourcing.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,175, 567-571. Venter, M. L. (2016). Request for Proposal (RFP).Cell,303, 324-4260. Willcocks, L., Cullen, S. (2013).Intelligent IT outsourcing. Routledge. Xi, X., Xu, Y., Todo, H. (2013). The Present Situation of IT Outsourcing and Countermeasure.Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,6(8), 426.

The House Of Mirth Essays - Films, The House Of Mirth, Selden

The House Of Mirth Book I, Chapter 6 Lily and Selden are on a walk together, Lily having broken her second planned meeting with Percy Gryce in order to see Selden. The excuse she gave Gryce was that she had a headache that first prevented her from going to church and second from going on a walk with him. She instead convinces him to join the other guests and go to the Van Osburgh home in Peekskill. Selden tells Lily that he views everything she does as having been premeditated. She disagrees, saying she is impulsive, but Selden argues that her genius is being able to convert impulse into intentions. They discuss the freedom that Selden enjoys, and he admits that he is able to be amphibious and live in both the wealthy elite society as well as the working society in New York where he is a lawyer. Selden and Lily continue conversing, discussing her ambitions in the society while Selden chooses to belittle them. She finally asks him if he would marry her, and he responds that maybe he would if she wanted to marry him. They both get caught up in the moment, but it is destroyed by the sound of a motorcar that reminds Lily that she is pretending to be sick back at the house. Selden and Lily share a cigarette at the end, but Selden is no longer as friendly to her, telling her that he took no risks in offering to marry her if she wanted him. Analysis Lily establishes a pattern of not being able to commit herself, a pattern that starts here. Instead of going on a walk with Mr. Gryce, she takes the afternoon walk with Selden. This is a huge risk since Bertha Dorset considers it a direct attack on her. Lily is thus again risking her future by associating with Selden. It was earlier alluded to that Selden essentially belongs to a clerical order as such. This is established in his comments about the republic of the spirit (73). Lily immediately knows what he is alluding to and asks him why she cannot join: Why not? Is it a celibate order? (74). Selden's republic of the spirit serves as his protective and exclusive society. It allows him to find fault with everyone in order to exclude them, and is one of the reasons he will not marry. Lily tells him, It is a close corporation, and you create arbitrary objections in order to keep people out (75). In this sense Selden is the ideal man to be the observer in the novel since his perceptions will not be corrupted by Lily's influence. Another feature that Selden brings into the novel is that of being amphibious, that is, being able to live with the elite and also with the working classes. I have tried to remain amphibious. Selden is in fact the only man who works in the novel, and his ability to live in both worlds is symbolic of the role of the bachelor in the society. As Lily pointed out earlier, she would never be allowed the pleasure of living alone and still maintaining her societal position. Once again the intimacy of the cigarette is shared with Selden, but now the cigarette is used to show casual friendship rather than sexual desire or marriage intrigue. This cigarette puts the final rejection on Mr. Gryce, for not only is Lily avoiding a walk with him, but she is also committing what he considers to be a vice. Book I, Chapter 7 Mrs. Trenor admonishes Lily for spending time with Selden. It turns out that Mrs. Dorset, upset that Lily was stealing Selden away from her, retaliated by telling Percy Gryce several awful things about Lily and thereby caused him to run away from her. Mrs. Trenor continues with her reproach until Lily realizes that she is now fully back in her position of being a debtor, a position she had hoped Gryce would rescue her from. Mrs. Dorset enters the room and proceeds to mention the speed with which Gryce left Bellomont, striking out directly at Lily. After the conversation ends, Mrs. Trenor has Lily pick up her husband. She goes to the

20 Expository Essay Topics on Addictive Foods

20 Expository Essay Topics on Addictive Foods When writing an expository essay on a complicated topic one often feels paralyzed: not a single thought comes to mind and you can almost feel how deadline creeps closer while you cannot even think about any particular topic to write about. You, however, don’t have to suffer this way if you have a list of topics to choose from. So, if you have to write about addictive foods, feel free to use these: What Makes Junk Food Addictive The Most Addictive Foods in Existence How Sugar Causes Addiction Similarities between Processed Foods and Habit-Forming Drugs How Processed Foods Are Engineered to Cause Addiction Salt, Sugar and Fat: the Unholy Trinity of Food Industry What Makes Us Crave Salt? Cheetos and Vanishing Caloric Density Why Is Snack Food So Addictive? Scientific Reasons Behind the Addictiveness of Salty-Sweet Foods Hyperpalatable Foods: What Are They? Children-Oriented Marketing of Junk Food Which Foods Are Making Us Fat and Why Are We Eating Them High Fructose Corn Syrup as the Main Culprit of Obesity Epidemic Long Hang-Time Flavor as a Factor in Addictiveness of Doritos Mechanism Behind Bacon’s Appeal Why Oreos Were Proven to Be More Addictive than Cocaine Why French Fries Cause Problems with Portion Control Can Food Be as Addictive as Drugs? Which Foods Are Most Likely to Cause Addiction Despite covering different areas, all these topics have one thing in common: they are interesting, they deal with important issues of modern world and subjects that have more than just academic appeal. Dont miss the chance to benefit from the facts on addictive foods and writing guidelines on expository papers. Below you will find a sample essay that shows how they can be handled in practice. What Makes Junk Food Addictive We all know that so-called junk food is detrimental to our health, especially when consumed in inordinate amounts. They don’t pose significant health risks when occasionally introduced into an otherwise healthy diet; but the problem with them is exactly this – it is extremely hard not to eat them in inordinate amounts once you’ve started. For some reason, even if one feels guilty afterwards, all too often one just cannot stop eating – so much so that many consider junk food to be addictive in a manner of narcotic drugs. So what makes things like Twinkies, Oreos, Lays, Coke and their brethren so alluring? As it turns out, there is nothing random about this fact. Although it is hard to say whether the term ‘addiction’ is correct technically, there is no doubt that junk foods don’t just happen to be tasty and attractive – they are carefully and painstakingly engineered to be this way. Although the idea of scientists in lab coats running experiments and food companies spending millions to try and determine the optimal level of crunchiness for potato chips sounds preposterous, it is exactly what they are doing (the chips experiment, for example, was run by Frito-Lay). Taste, aftertaste, texture, contents, everything is carefully designed to make us love the product, eat more in one sitting and get back for extra. The methods for these are varied, but generally they are based on one simple principle which lies in history of our species. Throughout evolution, human beings were mainly concerned with finding enough food to survive. Substances like sugar and fat were extremely valuable for survival because they contain high amount of calories and provide a great deal of energy. Our ancestors had to work and often fight hard to obtain them, and they were never available in high amounts. In other words, our brains are hard-wired by millions of years of evolution to crave sugar and fat because for a very long time they were valuable sources of energy beneficial to our survival. Today, however, we can get as much of them as we want, as they are easily and cheaply obtainable in any grocery store without any physical effort. The same goes for salt. Despite not providing any calories, sodium is extremely important for various processes in our personal biochemistry – and in order to make sure we eat enough of it, our brains are designed to make us like its taste. However, in ancient times it was even harder to come by than sugar – and today it is contained in virtually all processed foods in amounts that far exceed our natural requirements. Thus, food companies can ensure we eat more of their produce simply by giving us what the reptilian part of our brain says we need. There are other, more sophisticated approaches, serving as an icing on the cake. For example, ‘vanishing caloric density’, a feature that is specifically characteristic of Cheetos – when you eat them, they tend to melt in your mouth, and you are subconsciously inclined to believe that something that behaves this way doesn’t contain any calories and you can go on eating it forever. Or ‘long hang-time flavor’ – meaning that flavor remains in your mouth for a long time, reminding you of the taste and nudging you to eat more. But when all is said and done, junk foods simply play on subconscious cravings of our brains which were formed millions of years ago in living conditions that had nothing to do with how human beings live today. References: Boseley, Sarah. â€Å"Eating, not Sugar, Is Addictive.† The Guardian Sep. 9 2014 Fleming, Amy. â€Å"Food Addiction: Does It Really Exist?† The Guardian Aug. 20 2013 Gearhardt, Ashley N., Carlos M. Grilo, Ralph J. DiLeone, Kelly D. Brownell and Marc N. Potenza. â€Å"Can Food Be Addictive? Public Health and Policy Implications.† Addiction Jul. 2011: 1208-1212. Print Moss, Michael. â€Å"The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food.† The New York Times Magazine Feb. 20 2013 Nolan, Rachel. â€Å"Behind the Cover Story: Michael Moss on Addictive Foods and What He Eats for Breakfast.† The New York Times Feb. 25 2013 Peretti, Jacques. â€Å"Why Our Food Is Making Us Fat.† The Guardian Jun. 11 2012 Sullum, Jacob. â€Å"Research Shows Cocaine and Heroin Are Less Addictive Than Oreos.† Forbes Oct. 16 2013

Implementation of Online Contract Regulations in Turkey Dissertation

Implementation of Online Contract Regulations in Turkey - Dissertation Example 28 2.2 Why does EU require such Distance Selling Directive and EC Regulations? 30 2.3 Are these Regulations up to date? 30 2.4 Are there any international conventions or Cases regarding Online Contracts and Terms & Conditions? 2.5 Are the articles of regulations protective enough for consumers and Tradesmen? 30 3 Conclusion 32 4 Bibliography 33 List of Case Laws Appliance Zone LLC v. Nextag, Inc Baillie Estates Ltd v DuPont (UK) Ltd C R Smith Ltd v Toolcom Supplies Ltd and F Hines v. Overstock.com, Inc Dailymotion v Nord Quest Production Dailymotion v Ronald Magdane, eBay v L’Oreal Fisher v Bell Frank Peterson v YouTube, Google France v Louis Vuitton Malletier SA Hadley v Baxendale Hines v. Overstock.com, Inc Mackenzie Patten & Co v. British Olivetti Ltd, PDC Laboratories, Inc v. Hach Co Pharmaceutical Society v Boots Photo Production Ltd v. Securicor Transport Ltd Salvage Association Salvage Association v. Cap Financial Services Ltd Saphena Computing Ltd v. Allied Collection Agencies Ltd Scherillo v. Dun & Bradstreet St. Albans City St.Albans City v. International Computers Ltd Telecom Italia v Dargaud Lombard Thorton v. Shoe Lane Parking Ltd Youtube v Telecinco List of Statutes International Laws The United Nations Conventions on Contracts for International [Sale of Goods (CISG) UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communication in International Contracts, 2005 UNICITRAL (United Nations Commision on International Trade Law ) UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contract Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (UNCITRAL, 1980) UK Laws Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulation 2000 Consumer Protection Act 1987 Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990 Sale of Goods Act, 1979 The Data Protection Act 1998 Regulations Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 EU Directives and Laws Consumer Rights Directive (EU Directive 2011/83/EU) EU Council Directive on Unfair terms in contracts EU directive 2000/31/EC EU Directive of Electronic Commerce 2000 2000 EU Services Directive, 2010 EU’s Unfair Commercial Practices Directive The Consumer Protection ( Distance Selling) The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002 The European Directive on Distance Selling (Directive 97/7/EC) 1. Rules relating to incorporation of Terms & Conditions for Online Contracts in the UK 1.1. â€Å"What is Online Contract?† In this era of e-commerce and the internet, online contract has become very common. Now, people from any part of the world can buy a product or service from the supplier from another part of the world like Amazon.com or e-bay. Online contracts are those that are being entered through a technological medium or through the internet. The terms and conditions of online contracts are almost analogues to that of offline contracts. Online contracts are also referred as e-contracts or electronic contracts. Online cont racts must cater the same fundamental needs of a valid contract like offer, acceptance, valid agreement, price or consideration, capacity to contract and legality. The same obligations have to be

Rebellion, The Vietnamese World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rebellion, The Vietnamese World - Essay Example This introduction led to new production strategies and expertise while getting through more conventional cinema practices and priorities. The film industry in Vietnam was considered largely a low-level base for releasing and making films at the time The Rebel was in production. The Rebel managed to meet expenses by Hollywood criteria, which made it impressive for a Vietnamese origin. By the time of release, The Rebel recorded the most costly Vietnamese production in history because of a budget ranging between 1.5 and $3 million (Dirlik 352). The Rebel turned into the highest grossing film in Vietnam’s film industry, which shows that the immense investment had an equally large return. Irrespective of the high grossing numbers, box office figures from Vietnam remained patterned. A patterned audience from the country only supports the notion of Vietnam’s low-level film industry in contrast to other Southeast Asia countries (Narkunas 153). In spite of a low-level filming base in Vietnam, the film industry has knowledgeable and talented engineers. These engineers operate in a cost-effective base and expanding the local audience with more disposable salaries that make film production in Vietnam alluring. The Rebel is probably the first Vietnamese film involving martial arts of its nature. Production companies such as the Weinstein Company could have found it nearly impossible to pull off a martial arts theater without the help of talented technicians (Li 74). Even though The Rebel is not an A-list Hollywood production, the contribution of a low-cost film base and a knowledgeable production team led to the selection of talented actors. Vietnam’s film industry is popular for such contributions along with planning time that allow for composition and rehearsals that were necessary for the martial arts sequences present in The Rebel (Narkunas 152). Vietnam’s film industry is popular for releasing works with a comic perception of women, reproduction, and

Safety of Women Essay Example for Free

Safety of Women Essay It is crucial that probation officers develop a familiarity with the needs and safety concerns of women who are abused, and become aware of the risks women face while on probation supervision. For example, an abuser may use the probation condition as another way to abuse her by threatening to falsely allege a probation violation to her probation officer, or by forcing her to commit an illegal act and then reporting it (Crager et al., 2003). When a probation officer learns that a woman probationer is abused, the officer should apply the same principles for working with women who are not probationers (NYS PDVIP, 2005). If a woman who is abused has not had contact with domestic violence programs, probation officers can play a key role in providing information and referrals to domestic violence services. A probation officer may be the first person that has ever said to her: You dont deserve to be abused. Its not your fault, and theres nothing you have done to cause the abuse. Probation officers have a responsibility to reassure women that they are not alone with their experiences: Im concerned about you, and when you are ready, help is available. When probation officers provide referrals, it is crucial to understand that her potential reluctance or unwillingness to take hotline/advocate contact information may be related to a concern for her own safety. Her abuser may be waiting for her in the parking lot, go through her purse or pockets, and use that domestic violence program contact number as a reason to continue and/or escalate his abuse (NYSCADV, 2004b). It is also important for probation officers to take their cues from women who are abused as to what their abusers actions mean. For example, an abuser may have made statements to indicate that a womans risk is high (i.e. The next flowers youll get will be when you are in the ground). Probation officers can also assist women in identifying and understanding dangerous and potentially illegal stalking behaviors including unwanted phone calls, letters, gifts, flowers, email, instant messages, or faxes. A stalker may also follow her or show up at places she frequents (home, work, school, etc.), make verbal, written, or implied threats directed at her, her friends or family, or vandalize her property. More extreme acts of stalking may also include assaults or other acts of violence, including sexual assault, directed at her, an immediate family member, or someone she knows (NYSCADV, 2004b). Probation officers support the safety of women by providing referrals to domestic violenceprograms to assist with completing a safety plan. If a woman chooses not to contact a domestic violence advocate, probation officers can help her review her risks and create a preliminary safety plan (See Appendix B for considerations for developing a preliminary safety plan), including asking about weapons available to the offender, as well as his access to the children (NYSCADV, 2004b). Regardless of the level of offense or conviction, probation officers should refrain from minimizing the abusers potential to inflict serious physical injury. All domestic violence cases should be considered as potential homicides, particularly during separation or after a woman who is abused terminates the relationship (NYS PDVIP, 2005). Probation officers are also becoming aware of the potential for collusion with abusers who are not under supervision. These abusers may attempt to become an ally of probation o fficers in order to maintain power and control over the woman who is abused. To counter these attempts at coercion, probation is increasingly conducting Pre-Sentence Investigations (PSIs) in all domestic violence cases. If there are insufficient resources to do this in all cases, PSIs should be conducted on any case where the defendant may have a history of victimization by the alleged victim in the presenting case. The PSI should include specific questions about the history of victimization and power and control dynamics in the relationship (NYS PDVIP, 2005) (See Appendix C for a list of general guidelines for probation officers who supervise women who are abused). Additional strategies for supervising women who are abused include the following: 1. Know and follow the departmental confidentiality policy regarding use of information about the woman who is abused, including her contact information. Inform the woman who is abused of the policy at first contact, and again as necessary throughout the supervision process. It is important for her to understand what will happen with any and all information she may provide to her probation officer (e.g., Will it be written in her case file? Will a supervisor see it? Will it be submitted to the judge in a report? Will her abuser or his attorney have access to it?) 2. Create a safe environment for women who are abused to disclose their experiences of abuse if they choose. Consider displaying domestic violence posters in the probation department and have local domestic violence program brochures and pamphlets available as a visible way to show that the officer and the department take domestic violenceseriously. 3. Explain the terms of the Orders and Conditions of Probation, the role of a probation officer, and any additional relevant agency policies. Fully explain the consequences of violations of the Orders and Conditions of Probation, and other probationer obligations. 4. Assure the woman who is abused that she is not responsible for her abusers behavior. The choice to abuse rests only with the abuser. 5. Do not use her abuser as a collateral contact. This may unintentionally reinforce and validate his power and control over her and introduce unreliable information to her case. 6. It is essential to understand that the decisions women make may be based on critical survival strategies. Women who are abused are constantly evaluating their risks, and from day to day their needs and safety concerns may vary. 7. Ask the woman who is abused to identify how to contact her in a way that supports her safety. Do not initiate contact with the woman who is abused while her abuser is present. 8. Ensur e that the woman who is abused has contact information for the local domestic violence program. Assist her in identifying her safety concerns. 9. Discuss safety issues for the probation officer and the woman who is abused that may impact home contacts, fieldwork, or collateral contacts (e.g., if the abuser lives with the woman who is abused, schedule a home contact with her when the abuser is not at home). 10. Address other needs of women who are abused including employment, childcare, housing issues, substance abuse treatment, etc. 11. Do not promise the woman who is abused any thing you may not be able to deliver. Do not assure her of her safety (NYSCADV, 2003; NYS PDVIP, 2004) (See Appendix D for a checklist for probation contact with victims of domestic violence). Collaboration with Domestic Violence Advocates and Referrals to Domestic Violence Programs. Probation officers are building strong collaborations with domestic violence advocates. As a result, they have a greater comprehension of the dangers that women face, and a broader understanding of choices women make which are grounded in critical survival strategies. The role of advocates, which are employed by traditional domestic violence programs (based in, or linked with, not-for-profit, non-governmental agencies), is defined by the needs and desires of women who are abused. The overarching goals of advocates are to support and bolster womens confidentiality and decisions, and provide them with information. The allegiance of advocates lies solely with women who are abused, which is distinct from victim-witness liaisons (also sometimes referred to as advocates) that may be employed by district attorneys offices, law enforcement agencies, and other system-based programs. In fact, advocates may be called upon to represent the interests of women who are abused to other persons and/or agencies. Advocates and domestic violence programs are a major resource for probation officers and departments and vice versa, and this interdependent relationship should be encouraged, strengthened, and formalized as a necessary part of a coordinated community response to domestic violence. Advocate-probation collaborations can strengthen cases and significantly support safety of women in many ways. Advocates can assist with explaining the p robation process, help women who are abused understand what probation officers and departments do, and review probation documents and paperwork with women who are abused. In addition, advocates can help prepare women who are abused for meetings with probation, and may be able to attend meetings to provide additional support (NYS PDVIP, 2004, NYS PDVIP, 2005)[3]. Probation officers can minimize the potentially dangerous repercussions of unintended consequences of supervision practices, by developing and maintaining collaborations with advocates regarding safety issues. Thus, interventions implemented by probation officers can focus on helping women who are abused explore and evaluate available options, make informed decisions, design preliminary safety plans that reflect womens needs and goals, and facilitate voluntary involvement in domestic violence services (State of New York, 1998). At every opportunity, probation officers should make available hotline numbers, contact information, and descriptions of locally available domestic violence programs and services to women who are abused. However, seeking help from a domestic violence program, getting an order of protection, or deciding to leave an abuser only makes sense to a woman when, on balance, it reduces the overall risks that she and her children face. Victim safety should remain paramo unt when there may be competing interests or a perceived benefit of a program, policy, protocol, or procedure. Achieving this goal requires a supervision plan that incorporates the many  obstacles and risks to achieving safety or to ending a relationship with an abusive partner that women who are abused encounter. Domestic violence programs focus on empowerment, autonomy, and self-determination, and mandating participation in any program or service contradicts this philosophy (Crager et al., 2003). Mandating women who are abused to domestic violence services also places advocates in the incongruent role of monitoring compliance with probation conditions (Denton, 2001). Considerations for Dual Probation Supervision of Women Who are Abused and Their Abusers When women who are abused and their abusers are both under supervision by probation, a heightened level of confidentiality and a stringent safety protocol must be maintained within the department. Regardless of who is or is not identified by the criminal justice system as the abuser, probation officers should continue to implement practices that support the safety of women who are abused. Probation officers are well trained to be wary of probationers and their many tactics at getting-over. This skill is especially key when supervising domestic violence offenders, as abusers not only excel at this endeavor, but use it as a strategy directly related to their abuse and to their mindset. Although many convicted criminals may believe themselves to be victims, men who are abusers tend to be particularly insistent about their perceived victimization. Historically, men who abused were protected by traditions of privacy and privilege surrounding marriage and the family. While social values an d laws are changing pertaining to abuse in intimate relationships, many men who abuse express a sense of intrusion and injustice, and feel that they have had something taken away, or that their rights have been abridged. Probation officers need to exercise care not to say or do anything that could be interpreted as agreeing with the abuser including even the most casual of comments or nodding of the head. Invariably, abusers will use that perceived support to minimize and justify their behaviors or to corroborate their negative assumptions about women (NYS PDVIP, 2004). Similarly, probation officers need to keep the focus on accountability, not on abusers personal or moral deficits, diseases, low self-esteem, early childhood experiences, anger management, diminished intellect, addiction, mental illness, other individuals, or external events as the means to explaining or solving domestic violence. Doing so gives abusers support for the excuses they offer to explain their abusive behavior (State of New York, 1998). General Safety Strategies for Women Who Are Abused During Dual Probation Supervision. General guidelines for probation officers who supervise women who are abused during dual probation situations include the following: 1. Recognize that women who are abused have differing safety needs and concerns than men who are being supervised. In some situations, there may be a need to request a modification of Orders and Conditions of Probation that may negatively impact her safety (e.g. curfew, electronic monitoring, travel permits, and residency reporting may impose additional danger for women who are abused). 2. Do not schedule office interviews with both the woman who is abused and her abuser on the same day. Develop a schedule of meeting times and dates in conjunction with the other supervising officer. 3. It is essential that different probation officers supervise the woman who is abused and her abuser. This minimizes opportunities for breeches in confidentiality and reduces the potential for collusion with the abuser. 4. If case reviews are routinely conducted with other probation officers and supervisors, exercise extreme caution in discussing case details which may put a woman who is abused at risk. While challenging, limit the access of other officers and supervisors as much as feasible to the case file of the woman who is abused. Discussing the details of her case with other probation officers may result in information getting to her abuser, with potentially significant repercussions for her safety. 5. Do not make negative statements about the abuser during supervision of a woman who is abused (NYSCADV, 2003; NYS PDVIP, 2005). For example, comments such as hes such a lousy husband or hes a real jerk interject value judgments into the supervision process that can significantly detract from perceptions of probation officers and their ability to maintain a professional demeanor. R ather, the context of the abusers behaviors and actions should be focused on her safety. Additional Safety Strategies for Women Who Are Abused During Supervision of Their Abusers. General guidelines for the supervision of abusers include the following: 1. The safety of the woman who is abused is the chief concern. 2. The abuser is responsible for his behavior. There is no acceptable justification for his violence, no matter what he says or how much he blames her. Address every attempt of abusers to deny, minimize, justify, or blame abuse on anything other than their own personal choice. 3. Neutralize the abusers attempts to manipulate officers or control probation proceedings. Avoid any situation that could lead to unintentionally colluding with the abuser. 4. Whenever possible, probation officers should use sources of information, other than the woman who is abused, to enforce accountability of abusers who are also on probation. If a probation officer does include input from a woman who is abused, it is crucial for the probation officer to explain to her, realistically, what may happen with the information that she provides regarding her abusers case. Thus, the probation officer should specifically inquire about information that the woman who is abused can provide about her abuser without putting her at increased risk. 5. The probation officer should clearly describe to the woman who is abused how violations of probation are handled and what sanctions may be imposed on her abuser. 6. Safekeeping of the contact information for the woman who is abused is always a priority. Her contact information should always be kept out of sight when the abuser is in the office. If possible, putting the contact information for the woman who is abused in a different colored file or using a piece of colored tape on the file can be an easy way to remind probation officers of the heightened need to keep the information confidential. 7. In addition, probation department policy should require that probation officers notify a woman who is abused at least one month before her abuser is discharged from supervision. This will provide an opportunity for her to identify any safety concerns and request appropriate referrals from her probation officer (NYSCADV, 2003; NYS PDVIP, 2005). Considerations for Court Ordered Referrals That Are Dangerous Increasingly, the criminal justice system and the courts are tapping into a wider range of program and referral options and sanctions as responses to domestic violence cases. While many commonly used interventions, referrals, and services are safe and appropriate for many individuals; probation officers need to recognize that several of these same practices are dangerous and inappropriate for women who are abused. In addition to the increased danger these practices may create, they may also reinforce the notion that a woman who is abused shares responsibility for her partners violent and/or controlling behavior. Such a message reinforces the mistaken belief of most abusers: women who are abused are to blame for the violence. Thus, it also encourages women who are abused to internalize responsibility for their partners violence and has the potential to increase the likelihood that the abuser will physically or emotionally harm his partner (NYSCADV, 2004b). Safety Considerations for Batterer Program Referrals. The Violence Against Women Offices Toolkit to End Violence Against Women recommends that the justice system avoid ordering victims of domestic violence to participate in batterer programs (VAWO, 2001). There are many practical and philosophical problems associated with court-ordering a woman who is abused to participate in a batterer program. If she was acting in self-defense or to protect her children, or was using violence in retaliation for abuse, the court order is, in effect, punishment for being abused. Most women who are abused are not batterers, even when they have used violence proactively. While the content of a program for female offenders may be helpful to some women, the batterer label written into the court order is generally inaccurate (Crager et al., 2003). Participation in a batterer program places a woman who is abused in greater danger. For example, when a program notifies the alleged victim (in actuality, the real batterer) of the womans participation in the batte rer program, he can learn where and when he can find her. Batterer program staffs have described instances in which women who are abused have been stalked by their abusers every time they attended their court-ordered batterer program. Mandatory participation in batterer programs by women who are abused also creates opportunities for batterers to sabotage the womens compliance with the court order by interfering with their attendance, or reporting false allegations of new acts of violence (Crager et al., 2003). Andy Klein, former chief probation officer for the Quincy, MA court and nationally known author on probation, criminal justice, and domestic violence, also commented on the use of batterer programs for women: | |If we really want to offer our services to female batterers, there are better ways to reach them than | | | |to rely on the coercive powers of a criminal justice system that too often gets it wrong in separating| | | |out batterers from victims. If the prosecutor or judge asks you to assist the court by offering | | | |batterer intervention programs for womenjust say NO. Offer, instead, to help train officers, | | | |prosecutors, and judges on how to arrest, prosecute, and sanction wisely (Klein, 2001, p. 2). | | | |Andy Klein | Safety Considerations for Mediation and Couples Counseling Referrals. Intervention strategies that require cooperative participation typically assume an equal relationship in which both parties are free to openly participate. Mediation, for example, is a process through which equal parties are engaged in negotiations to resolve a conflict. Because of the inherent imbalance of power between an abuser and a woman who is abused, mediation and couples counseling are inappropriate in domestic violence cases. A victim of domestic violence who, by definition, is being controlled by her partner is significantly compromised in her ability to negotiate freely and is not on an equal footing with her partner. Women who are abused may also be encouraged to alter their behavior so that they do not provoke their partners into abusing them, thus, holding the victims accountable for the abuse. Any focus on placating the abuser diverts resources or interventions away from safety and accountability. Also, many women report being threatened or assaulted after joint intake or counseling sessions for things they said or did during the session (Frank Golden, 2002; National Institute of Corrections [NIC], 2001; NYS PDVIP, 2003a; State of New York, 1998). Safety Considerations for Restorative Justice Practices. Community and restorative justice practices, which can be effectively used in conjunction with property and juvenile crimes, may not always be restorative or appropriate for women who are abused. As an understanding of power and control and the dynamics of domestic violence are not reflected in many restorative justice practices, they are dangerous for domestic violence cases. Conferencing (also known as Family Group Conferencing) routinely requires women who are abused to have face-to-face visits with their abusers. Also, communities may change agreement plans if they see abusers are having problems with implementing them, thus creating the potential for abusers to manipulate consequences and avoid accountability for the crimes they committed (NIC, 2001; NYS PDVIP, 2003a). Circles (also known as Sentencing, Healing, Peacemaking, or Community Circles) primarily use negotiation, mediation, consensus building, and conflict resolution tactics that, because of power differences between t he abuser and the woman who is abused, are dangerous and inappropriate. Also, responsibilities are often inappropriately assigned to women who are abused and their support groups, and outcomes are often focused on an increased community capacity to resolve disputes (NIC, 2001; NYS PDVIP, 2003a). Safety Considerations for Routine Mental Health Assessments. Domestic violence is not the result of a mental health issue, nor does a woman who is abused, typically, have a mental illness. The rate of mental illness among women who are abused is no higher than that of the general population, and mental illness on the part of the woman who is abused is generally not the cause of the violence. When a woman who is abused has no related mental health issues, an assessment implies that the womans status as a victim of domestic violence is in some way connected with a mental health problem. Thus, women who are abused should only be referred for mental health assessments for reasons that are not connected to the abuse. Few mental health providers have specific training in assessing for domestic violence or in providing supportive services. Like an order to complete a batterer program, an order to complete a mental health assessment can be used against the woman who is abused in a number of ways; for example, it may contribute to losing custody of her children (Crager et al., 2003). Strategies to Respond to Court Ordered Referrals That Are Dangerous. Probation officers have numerous opportunities for teachable moments in which they can educate judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, police officers, other criminal justice professionals, and community stakeholders about the nature and dynamics of domestic violence, womens use of violence, predominant aggressor identification, and the crucial need to revise criminal justice protocols that re-victimize women who are abused through unintended consequences. In some jurisdictions, probation departments are developing protocols, which prohibit probation officers from mandating or referring women to dangerous practices. When judges refer or mandate women to these practices, the probation departments respond to the judges with an explanation of how the practices are dangerous to women, why the department has restricted use of them, and provides them a copy of the departmental protocol. A strong collaboration with local domestic violence advocates is the cornerstone to a probation response that supports the safety of women who are abused while minimizing the impact of potentially dangerous practices. Advocates are a tremendous source of information and support for probation officers on general domestic violence issues and concerns facing women who are abused, and can provide feedback on proposed policies, referrals, and practices. Conclusion The regrettable influx of women who are abused into the criminal justice system calls for the expert and principled participation of probation officers to promote their safety. Fortunately, probation officers are well positioned to assume this additional responsibility of justice on behalf of women who are abused. At every opportunity, probation officers should make available hotline numbers, contact information, and descriptions of locally available domestic violence programs and services to women who are abused. Victim safety should remain paramount even when there may be competing interests or a perceived benefit of a program, policy, protocol, or procedure. Achieving this goal requires an expansion of traditional notions of probations mandate of offender accountability and public safety. Domestic violence is a complex issue that demands probation officers implement supervision plans that contain strategies for the many obstacles and risks to achieving safety that women who are abused encounter. Tremendous change has been occurring within the criminal justice system regarding transformations in attitudes and beliefs about domestic violence. Increasingly, domestic violence is seen as a serious crime that warrants swift and strong law enforcement, court-based, and correctional responses aimed at holding abusers accountable for their actions. Probation officers are taking on prominent roles in bringing about the social change necessary to challenge domestic violence. Probation is in a unique position to support the safety of women who are abused and reduce the negative impacts of arrest and prosecution of women who are abused as part of a dual arrest for domestic violence, or other crimes. Anytime a probation officer encounters a woman who is abused or her abuser, regardless of who is the probationer, the officer has a crucial role in potentially preventing further domestic violence or even homicide. References Bloom, B., Owen, B., Covington, S. (2003). Gender-responsive strategies: Research, practice, and guiding principles for women offenders. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections, U.S. Department of Justice. Crager, M., Cousin, M., Hardy, T. (2003). Victim-defendants: An emerging challenge in responding to domestic violence in Seattle and the King County region. Retrieved May 24, 2004 from http://www.mincava.umn.edu/documents/victimdefendant/victimdefendant.html Dasgupta, S. (2001). Toward an understanding of womens use of non-lethal violence in intimate heterosexual relationships. Retrieved May 24, 2004 from http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/Research/VAWnetDocs/AR_womviol.php Denton, J. (2001). Options and alternatives for women: Are we re-victimizing women? Women Who Use Force, 20(1), 10-11. Family Violence Prevention Fund. (1999). Cultural considerations in domestic violence cases: A national judges benchbook. San Francisco, CA: Family Violence Prevention Fund. Frank, P., Golden, G. (2002). When 50-50 is not fair: The case against couple counseling when men abuse women. New City, NY: Volunteer Counseling Service of Rockland County, Inc. Klein, A. (2001). Dear readers. National Bulletin on Domestic Violence Prevention, 7(7), 1-2. Miller, S. (2001). The paradox of women arrested for domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 7(12), 1339-1376. Multnomah County Family Violence Coordinating Council. (2002). Battered women offenders in the criminal justice system: Analysis of needs and response for Multnomah County, Oregon. Portland, OR: Multnomah County Family Violence Coordinating Council. National Battered Womens Law Project, National Center on Women and Family Law. (1994). Mandatory arrest: Problems and possibilities. New York, NY : Legal Momentum. National Institute of Corrections. (2001). Restorative justice: Principles, practices, and implementation. Longmont, CO: National Institute of Corrections Academy, U.S. Department of Justice. New York State Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2003). General guidelines for probation officers who supervise women who are abused. Albany, NY: Author. New York State Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2004a). Domestic violence handbook. Albany, NY: Author. New York State Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2004b). Guidelines for the probation response to women who are abused: Supporting victim safety, autonomy, and self-determination. Albany, NY: Author. New York State Probation Domestic Violence Intervention Project. (2003a). Applying restorative and community justice principles to domestic violence cases. Albany, NY: NYS Coalition Against Domestic Violence, NYS Division of Probation and Correctional Alternatives, and NYS Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence. New York State Probation Domestic Violence Intervention Project. (2003b). Probation response to women convicted of domestic violence. Albany, NY: NYS Coalition Against Domestic Violence, NYS Division of Probation and Correctional Alternatives, and NYS Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence. New York State Probation Domestic Violence Intervention Project. (2004). New York state model probation policy for domestic violence: Probation domestic violence pre-sentence investigations reports. Albany, NY: NYS Coalition Against Domestic Violence, NYS Division of Probation and Correctional Alternatives, and NYS Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence. New York State Probation Domestic Violence Intervention Project. (2005). New York state model probation policy for domestic violence: Probation supervision. Albany, NY: NYS Coalition Against Domestic Violence, NYS Division of Probation and Correctional Alternatives, and NYS Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence. Oregon Council on Crime and Delinquency. (2002, May). Experiences of domestic violence among women on probation or parole in Lane County, Oregon. OCCD Bulletin. Retrieved June 23, 2004 from http://www.occdonline.org/Newsletter/OCCDMay02.pdf State of New York. (1997). Commission on domestic violence fatalities: Report to the governor. Albany, NY: Author. State of New York. (1998). Model domestic violence policy for counties. Albany, NY: New York State Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence. Violence Against Women Office. (2001). Enhancing the response of the justice system: Criminal remedies. Toolkit to end violence against women. Retrieved May 19, 2004 from http://toolkit.ncjrs.org/vawo_4.html Women in Prison Project, Correctional Association of New York. (2002). Domestic violence survivors in prison fact sheet. Retrieved May 19, 2004 from http://www.correctionalassociation.org/images/Fact_Sheets_2002.pdf Womens Justice Center. (2004). The pivotal role of the criminal justice system in stopping violence against women: Mapping the obstacles to criminal justice for women Part 1. Retrieved May 24, 2004 from http://www.justicewomen.com/handbook/part1_intro.html#pivotal Worcester, N. (2001). Women who use force in heterosexual domestic violence: Putting the context (back in) the picture. Women Who Use Force, 20(1), 2-5, 16-17.

Use of Montage in the Movie, Night of the Hunter :: Movie Film Essays

Use of Montage in the Movie, Night of the Hunter Ebert said it best when he describes the characters of Night of the Hunter as Norman Rockwell archetypes. Taking place in an unassuming river town presumably during the Great Depression, the plot unravels around $10,000, stolen during a poorly planned bank robbery. No thought need be heeded on the heist, however, seeing as it was not important enough to waste film on. The money serves only to set up the dominoes that will be knocked down rather linearly in this predictable storyline. But to criticize this movie as predictable would be missing the entire premises: the movie’s true purpose is seeking to illustrate a kind of righteousness vs. evil through key use of montage. The central character to the storyline, Reverend Harry Powell, is what today would be considered the archetypal psychopath. His mask of a righteous, God-fearing saver of souls makes his true self that much creepier. In a truly twisted scene, Rev. Powell perverts the embraced idea of a hero riding in on a white horse by using such a steed to stalk John and Pearl, the two children of the robber who have been entrusted with the money, accurately portraying the helplessness of innocence when a greater evil looms. Such Biblical conflict can be seen throughout the movie, culminating with Rachel, a true follower of her Lord, warding off the evil Rev. Powell. In regard to montage, it would be easy to write off its use as the most effective instrument for illustrating an idea with the technology at hand in those days. Upon closer inspection, however, montage allows a concept to be portrayed much more effectively than might otherwise be possible using standard filming techniques. The children’s journey down the river is a great example of this. The â€Å"collision† of scenes of them slowly drifting in a boat, sometimes sleeping, sometimes talking, both day and night, with the reverend on his horse somehow keeping up â€Å"explodes† in the rather nebulous concept of a nightmare in which no matter how fast or far one runs, the pursuer always keeps up (Eisenstein, The Dramaturgy of Film Form).

Michelle Obama Analysis

October 9, 2012 Written Analysis 1) Speech Goal: What is the goal of the speech? What does the speaker want the listener to do? * The overall goal for Michelle Obama’s speech s to inform the audience that her husband, President Barack Obama is for the people. She wants them to realize that he can relate to every class in America. He has struggled with the same problems that America is facing today at some point in his life. The speaker wants the audience to appreciate who they have as a leader and to be confident enough to re-elect him again. 2) Speech Organization: What is the overall organizational structure of the message? Remember Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14) * The overall message was in a motivated sequence with the 5 steps, attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action. 3) Speakers Role: What kind of relationship has the speaker established with the audience? Does he or she speak from a position of power? As an equal? How does this role established by the speaker influence the speech’s effectiveness * Mrs. Obama creates a more equal relationship rather than being superior to the audience even though she has a great deal of power on her back.She speaks to them from an eye to eye perspective. The way the speaker shows the audience how much they can actually relate, the audience is prone to find favor in their similar situations and is more likely to gain a liking for him. This speech is very effective because the audience can see that President Obama and his wife feels what they feel and they know what’s it like to have issues. They didn’t grow up rich, without experiencing the downfalls of society; they had to climb that ladder of success as normal American’s. ) Speaker’s Tone: What is the overall tone, or â€Å"feel,† of the message? How does the speaker use supporting material and delivery clues to establish an overall tone of speech? * This speech has a tone of hope and equality. After hearing this speech you can’t help but feel hopeful that things will get better. The first lady helps you see that it’s possible to make it. There is hope for every family that wants to send their children to college just like there is hope for every family who has soldiers serving their country.Not only that, but there is a sense of equality in the speakers tone to help the audience relate to a much further extent. 5) Speakers Techniques: What does the speaker do to establish credibility? Does the speaker use logical arguments, tell effective and interesting stories, use emotional appeals, and use interesting and precise language? * The speaker creates credibility by basically saying she’s been in their footsteps, especially with her father having a disability and with him being a father and sending his children to college even if he did have to take out loans when he fell short.The speaker does use logical arguments, tells effective and interesting stories, use emotional appeals, and use interesting and precise language. The speaker shows her sincerity in everything she says which shows the audience how much passion is behind every word and scenario. 6) Audience: Who is the intended audience? How effectively and appropriate does the speaker connect to the interest, needs and background of the audience? How does the speaker make the connection with the audience? The intended audience is more of the middle class, she states a lot of issues that middle class people go through, even as growing up as a middle class child, and she went through those same issues. She connects with them by being able to say, â€Å"Yes I’ve been there, and Yes I’ve made it through. † 7) What was your favorite aspect of the speech, and why? * My favorite aspect is how she gives the audience that reassurance that even though times may be hard right now that it is not the end.You have to believe in America and hope for the best. No country or President is p erfect. We have to have our President’s back and show we that we have faith in him. 8) Why is this activity relevant? What do you learn from watching speeches? * This activity was very relevant because as young adults, we need to be more in tuned with what’s going on in our society. We see how the speaker comes across to America by noticing several points that we’ve discussed in class. We learn what to do to improve as speakers ourselves.