Critical Movie Review About Yoga Essay Example for Free

Critical Movie Review About Yoga EssaySeldom do we have movies which tackle yoga as plot but it was a invite window in the 2000 movie The Next Best Thing top billed by pop-icon turned actress Madonna. Director John Schlesinger and Screenwriter Tom Ropelewski and the domicile of the cast and crew were able to present that Yoga, being a plot in a movie, does non lack that dramatic necessity of conflict. Just discipline to figure out and visualize the conflict or struggle between muscles when youre trying to lift your foot behind your head in the eka pada sirasan or leg-head pose. Is it not the stuff of cinema? The power and effectiveness of Yoga was clearly manifested in The Next Best Thing where Madonna played a yoga teacher who has a fumble with her gay best friend played superbly by Rupert Everett. Driving instructor Abbie (Madonna) has no problems getting her students to bend over backwards and tie themselves into knots for her. plainly in life she finisht seem to find a nyone to tie the knot with her. Robert (Everett), her best friend and confidant, is having equally dismal luck finding his Mr. Right.When Abbies relationship finish , she turned to homosexual Robert for comfort and advice. Under alcohol spirit they resulted into an unexpected tryst which do Abbie pregnant and decided to have the child. The two then commit to being good parents and created an unconventional but loving home for their precocious son, Sam (Stumpf). Now comes the yoga skills which Abbie used to remain celibate but she finally relented when she met Ben (Bratt). Roberts stupefy image was threatened with the romance between Abbie and Ben.This was followed by tensions specially when Abbie and Ben planned to marry each other. Thereafter the movie pictured the family exploding over a heart-wrenching cargo area battle for Sam. Everett sparkles and Madonna oozes her usual cool in this drama/comedy from the director Schlesinger. Madonna 2 Yoga Journal and USA Today have make much of the authenticity of the yoga scenes in the movie. Madonna, a student of ashtanga yoga, brought in her own teachers, Kimberly Flynn and Noah Williams, to be consultants on the film.They advised on decor, class instruction, and fashion. This really is the first sequence yoga has been taken seriously on a film project, Flynn told USA Today. (qtd in Yoga at the Movies by Sherry Roberts). Yoga students can relate to scenes in the movie such as that of Benjamin Bratts first yoga class (he eventually becomes Madonnas fiance in the movie). Toned and muscular Bratt falls over, peeks during chanting, and quickly realizes yoga puzzle outs a whole new dimension to being in shape. Perhaps the most refreshing scenes in the movie are seeing children practicing yoga Madonnas 7-year-old son (Malcolm Stumpf) leads a pretend yoga class with his friends in the backyard and later pulls up a mat and moves into the asanas (poses) right along with the adults in yoga class. (Roberts) Aside from the entertainment derived from the movie, presenting Yoga as the plot made the viewers really benefit from the true insights of the calming exercise with its physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual effects.The public was able to cultivate their own garden with Yoga by discovering the tools that can bring each of us in touch with our true nature through. In addition to greater strength, flexibility, and a re-sculpted body, Yoga is one of the best stress busters one can utilize. The movie is not only about Yoga but also a story of love and family with all its fold, twist, and mutilation of those intertwining concepts. The characters find that inner peace is always supersensitive to outside and traditional factors. What is good is that there is compromise.which is a big part of yoga. The movie may be much about yoga than it first appears but it is more important that in the end, the conflict was resolved in true yogic fashion, by moving on. Madonna 3 Works Cited Roberts, Sherry. Y oga at the Movies. 2001-2007. Yoga Bound for Yoga in the Movies. 5 December 2007 http//www. yogabound. com/yoga/art_at_the_movies. htm. Schlesinger, John and Ropelewski, Tom. The Next Best Thing. 2000. 5 December 2007http//movies. go. com/the-next-best-thing/c790385/drama.

Martin King and Henry Thoreau Essay Example for Free

Martin fagot and Henry Thoreau EssayMartin King and Henry Thoreau both write cogent expositions that oppose majority ideals and justify their cause causes. While this similarity is clear, the two essays, Letters from Birmingham Jail by King and Civil Disobedience by Thoreau, do have their fair share of differences. gener onlyy in the causes themselves, as King persuades white, southern clergy workforce that segregation is an evil, unjust law that should be defeated through the agitation of direct protesting, and Thoreau, writing to a much broad, non addressed audience, and focusing more on the government itself, contends that at its present state, with the war with Mexico and the institution of sla very, that one should do as he does and pooh-pooh to pay government taxes that support such evil practices or traditions. While both Thoreau and King prevail in establishing a firm impression for what they strongly believe in, they each succeed in their persuasive efforts throu gh different means. Chiefly, in the way that King draws emotional appeal with the usage of a intense passion and devotion, and Thoreau, while still making it evident that he is devoted in what he believes in, draws more emotional appeal through being more distressed and concerned than naively hopeful and optimistic. However, similarities remain to be as numerous as differences as both Thoreau and King bring credibility or ethical appeal to their assays essentially with allusions to deliveryman and the Bible.First, Kings emotional appeal is what above all contrasts his essay with Thoreaus. As nigh everything else the theme of disobeying unjust laws, their admiration for the minoritys viewpoint, and even, coincidently, where they wrote their essays prison, is all the same. King makes two references to conversations shared with his children. Once with his little girl who wants to go to the public amusement park and is quickly developing tears in her eye as her father has to sadly e xplain the reality that black children arent allowed in Funtown. Promptly once again, King refers to being forced to somehow concoct an pleasurable answer to his five year old sons question why do white people treat colored people so mean?. King does not stop there with his ability to throw his readers into the harsh emotional realities that he had to face.While answering the same question of why we cant custody in regards to protesting, King refers to the tragic sadness of how his wife and mother are almostnever granted with the respectable title of Mrs and how his own name has virtually been transformed from Martin Luther King to Nigger Boy John in the heartland of discrimination in the South. The rhetorical use of point in time is Kings second element that he takes returns of to draw such tremendous, but necessary emotional appeal.With his despairing response to the clergy mens appraisal of the policemens ability to maintain peace and order when he asserts with great detail that maybe they wouldnt be so warmly supportive if they would have been in the streets to witness the police slapping negro men and boys with sticks and pushing and cursing old Negro women and girls in such a cold-hearted and cruel fashion. Furthermore, Kings account of what the South would be like if blacks sided more with the Black Nationalists than himself brings emotion to all that contemplate his perception of streets current with blood during the central time of the otherwise inevitable racial nightmare.Thoreau, on the other hand, never consents to revealing such frightful nightmares and makes only one instruct reference to his children. Instead, Thoreau draws emotional appeal through many different techniques in the art of persuasive writing. Most predominantly, with despaired and concerning rhetorical questions such as when he asks around established governments viewpoint on great men, why does it always crucify Christ and excommunicate Copernicus and Luther, and pronounc e Washington and Franklin rebels?. And again when he provokes the question of how men assert their grievances when he asks How can a man be satisfied to entertain and opinion merely and enjoy it?.As stated above, Thoreau and Kings great persuasive similarity is in the way they give their essays ethical appeal. They both repetitiously make use to references of the Bible. King first asserts that he is in Birmingham for the same reason that the Apostle capital of Minnesota left his village of Tarsus and carried the Gospel of Jesus. Once again, in comparing his civil disobedience to that of Shadrack, Meshack, and Abednego when they refused to obey the worship laws of Nebucadnesser. Finally King affirms to not being anger by the criticism of being called an extremist by the thought of how many great extremists there where in the past, such as Abe Lincoln, MartinLuther, and Jesus Christ.Thoreau in the very same manner and with many of the same figures, continues with his own set of bibli cal allusions. He subscribes to the verse of Christ and the Herodians when they ask him about his stance on taxes and Christ replies to give Caesar what is Caesars, and to give God what is Gods. And then, more broadly, Thoreau poses the question of why after eighteen hundred years of being written, no legislator in America or anywhere else has taken advantage of the science of legislation revealed in the New Testament.In conclusion, both Thoreau and King succeed in establishing their points on the benefits of civil disobedience. I feel that King does succeed farther with his inclusion of more passionate emotion and easier to understand, heartfelt metaphors. Though it is debatable that the scientific and matter of fact savor Thoreau uses ultimately make his case more credible by establishing his work as not only a great personal exposition, but similarly a considerable scientific exposition that could be considered among the ranks of Thomas Paines Common Sense or even Machiavellis The Prince.

Coastal Land Management Outlook: Tokyo

Coastal Land wariness Outlook capital of JapanCoastal Land Management OutlookOf The City OfTokyo Introduction All around the world, the coastal resources argon under bringing pressure to bear from population growth and development. more people argon placed in coastal body politics than in any other type of bea, so that putting a s produce on beaches, marine plants and animals, water resources, and natural resources. Coastal drop off commission programs strive to protect coastal resources for future generations while balancing todays competing economic, cultural and environmental interests. The shortage of add resources, quality degradation and inefficient use has become an important restrictive factor affecting the ecological security and sustainable development of coastal essential areas. It is likewise a practical problem faced by land use management and planning decision. Many famous coastal cities in the world, such as Perth, Tokyo, Hong Kong and New York City, because of the contradiction between people and land is becoming more and more prominent, and land use becomes more and more complicated. Their coastal land management is facing a series of issues and opportunities. Tokyo, as one of the coastal cities in the world, is selected to discuss its coastal land management outlook in this penning. This report leave behind focus on the following aspects i) Background discussion in an inter home(a) and national context. ii) The SWOT analysis for Tokyo. iii) The basic indite of Tokyo metropolis iv) a range of coastal land management issues, opportunities, policies and prospects. v) Methods to solute and improve the current situation vi) Community and business sentiment. Each of these aspects is intricately linked.Background discussion planetary contextIt is indisputable fact that the key pressures that impact the coastal land management in the worldwide include population growth, pollution and climate variability. ascribable to the increase number of housing, commercial, recreational, industrial and retail, the number of tourism increase and cause the coastal population growth. At the same time, pollution such as chemical, somatic and biological waste also increases. For example, more tourism means more demand for hotels and tourist infrastructure in coastal areas, because of this, more trees or flora are cut down and used to build these facilities. In this process, trees as barriers may lose and also cause the loss of habitat and biodiversity, which means increasing of the coastal erosion. For this reason, the probability of the occurrence of natural disasters will increase. Therefore, coastal land management issues are interlocking and coastal land manager should pay care to all(prenominal) problem. In addition, coastal land management has its opportunities in global is an economic benefit. The main positive economic impacts of sustainable coastal tourism are contributions to government revenues, foreign exchange earnin gs, generation of employment, and business opportunities (WWF-Canon and SIIRLIA, 2008). Moreover, the policies of coastal land management are made as plans to provide non-regulatory policy guidance to coastal land managers in order to protect and manage coastal areas (Queensland, 2016). Cities have already transformed their local environments. So adapting to living with global change will likely usher in a new era of environmental and social transformation in the future (Coastal megacities, 2015). subject field contextFurthermore, in the national contexts of Japan, the contemporary issues of the coastal land management in Tokyo are natural disaster, human utilization and ecology problems. Due to the unique topography, most of Japans coastlines are menaceened by flooding and high waves during the typhoon season and earthquake. In addition, Japans coastline is prone to erosion. Thus, prevention of disasters related to typhoons, tsunamis, and erosion is one important functional aspect of coastal land management in Tokyo in Japan. Tokyo Bay area brings a fantastic business opportunity which produces 40% of Japans GDP every year. The coastal land is an extremely important gateway for both people and goods flowing into and out of the Tokyo metropolitan area (jsce, 2017). A basic theoretic framework for an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) scheme in Japan is introduced. Specifically, it must address the ecological, human utilization, and disaster prevention aspects discussed above. Thus, seeking a long-term and broad-based perspective in coastal management and creation of a healthy and stable environment foundation is the goal of ICZM (oldsite.nautilus, 2017).The SWOT Analysis for TokyoStrengthsWeaknesses1. Diversity of tourist attractions and services.2. Easily accessible location.3. Improve the efficiency of business.4. Increase the trade including import and export.1. High coastal land maintenance costs2. The immersion of human activities in coastal area s is too highOpportunities Threats1. New product development in coastal areas2. Disaster management3. Growing economy1. fill up and high waves during the typhoon season2. In the seismic zoneIntroduction to TokyoBasic ProfileTokyo is located in the southern tip of the Kanto plain, approximately in the center of the Japanese archipelago. Tokyo is the largest city in Asia, the worlds second largest city, one of the worlds largest economic centers. According to Higashide (undated), the total area of Tokyo is 2,190.93 square kilometres. The area of Tokyo is 0.6% of the total area of Japan. As of October 1, 2015, the population of Tokyo is estimated to be 13.491 million, or about 11% of Japans total population, and it has the largest population among all the 47 prefectures. With a population density of 6,158 persons per square kilometer, Tokyo is the most densely populated prefecture in Japan (metro, 2017).Economic ProfileThe Tokyo region is Japans leading industrial center, the major e conomic base of Tokyo is manufacturing base. Heavy industries are concentrated in Chiba, Kawasaki, and Yokohama, while Tokyo proper is strongly inclined toward light industry, including take hold printing and the production of electronic equipment (city-data, 2017).Transport ProfileTokyo represents one of the most efficient and fast public transport systems in the world. It combines an extensive train network, underground subway lines, a bus system, taxis, and car rentals (tokyo-tokyo, 2017). According to japan-guide (2017), Tokyo is covered by a dense network of trains, subway and bus lines, which are operated by about a dozen different companies. Train lines operated by JR East and the subway lines are most convenient for moving around telephone exchange Tokyo.Availability of public and green spaces Tokyo also contains numerous parks and gardens. There are four national parks in Tokyo Prefecture, including the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, which includes all of the Izu Islands (gojapango, 2017). The percentage of public green space (parks and gardens) is 7.5% in Tokyo (Worldcitiescultureforum, 2017).IssuesTokyo is faced with two major environmental crises. The first one is the threat of damage to health caused by air pollution aggravated with the increase in the number of automobiles on the road and the amount of chemicals released into the atmosphere. The other crisis is the problem of the heat up island effect in urban areas caused by enormous energy consumption and global warming due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the air (legcogov, 2017).OpportunitiesPolicesProspects conceitRecommendationAs mentioned above, coastal land has brought huge economic wealth to Tokyo. Therefore it is important to save coastal land spaces and use land economic, quarter every piece of land valuable. The current issues of the coastal land management in Tokyo are natural disaster, human utilization and ecology problems. In order to address its root causes. Perhaps the m ost effective method of doing this would be for the coastal land managers to set up a coastal management plan. As well as using soft engineering and hard engineering solutions to improve quality of coastal land. Determine the goal of the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) scheme, follow a good coastal management plan to create a healthy and stable environment foundation in the future.ConclusionBibliographyCoastal megacities (2015) Coastal megacities Risks and opportunities. Available at http//www.igbp.net/ intelligence activity/features/features/coastalmegacitiesrisksandopportunities.5.62dc35801456272b46d17b.html (Accessed 22 February 2017).Higashide, M. (no date) . Available at http//uub.jp/rnk/p_j.html (Accessed 22 February 2017).Queensland (2016) Coastal management plan. Available athttps//www.ehp.qld.gov.au/coastalplan/ (Accessed 22 February 2017).WWF-Canon and SIIRLIA, E. (2008) Impact of tourism in coastal areas Need of sustainable tourism strategy. Available athttp//ww w.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Impact_of_tourism_in_coastal_areas_Need_of_sustainable_tourism_strategyBenefits_of_Sustainable_coastal_tourism (Accessed 22 February 2017).Chromehttp//wenku.baidu.com/link?url=sHBY68U77eGSkEoJLBDE5TApTx13B6X5e5G4oiYzYVxRC0jngpsyQFvcGTkIS8-fSu_l_HXlHxvYlQF9agbZDCQ9kvZoJJm5tmxQNC48TKKhttp//ielts.xdf.cn/201207/7007413.htmlhttp//enviroeducation.com/resources/coastal-management-academic-requirements-professional-outlookhttp//www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Impact_of_tourism_in_coastal_areas_Need_of_sustainable_tourism_strategyBenefits_of_Sustainable_coastal_tourismhttps//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_managementhttp//www.environment.nsw.gov.au/coasts/coastreforms-act.htmhttp//www.huaxia.com/hxhy/hyqy/2011/06/2463210.htmlhttp//www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2016-06-24/the-25-best-coastal-cities-in-the-world/17http//www.igbp.net/news/features/features/coastalmegacitiesrisksandopportunities.5.62dc35801456272b46d17b.htmlhttps//www.ehp.qld.gov.au/coastalplan/http//www.sciencedire ct.com/science/article/pii/S0964569114002944http//www.academia.edu/1477305/The_Issue_of_Tokyo_Bay_s_Reclaimed_Lands_as_the_Origin_of_Urban_Utopias_in_Modern_Japanese_Architecturehttp//www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=539http//www.jsce.or.jp/kokusai/civil_engineering/2007/91-4-1.pdfhttp//oldsite.nautilus.org/archives/papers/energy/IsobeESENAY2.pdfhttp//nautilus.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/NakataESENAY2.pdfhttps//www.insightguides.com/destinations/asia-pacific/japan/tokyo/profilehttp//www.kouwan.metro.tokyo.jp/jigyo/faq/kisei/hozen/https//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD.E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81http//www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/japanese-political-geography/tokyoINTRODUCTIONhttps//www.google.com.au/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instantion=1espv=2ie=UTF-8q=the+basic+profile+of+Tokyohttps//translate.google.com.au/?hl=zh-CNen/zh-CN/Cities%20have%20already%20transformed%20their%20local%20environments%2C%20so%20adapting%20to%20live%20with%20global%20change%20will%20like ly%20usher%20in%20a%20new%20era%20of%20environmental%20and%20social%20transformation%20in%20the%20future.https//www.gojapango.com/location/tokyo/tokyo/http//www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/english/sec/library/0506in30e.pdfhttp//www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/data/of-public-green-space-parks-and-gardenshttps//tokyo-tokyo.com/tokyo_transportation.htmhttp//www.japan-guide.com/e/e2017.htmlhttp//www.city-data.com/world-cities/Tokyo-Economy.htmlhttp//www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/HISTORY/history03.htmhttp//uub.jp/rnk/p_j.htmlhttp//www.tokyomap.com/http//reports.advisorgate.com/swot-t/6552-swot-analysis-tokyo.htmlhttp//www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/download/ProjectMitomed/MITOMED%20SWOTanalysis.pdfhttp//www.glocom.ac.jp/column/1991/07/a_theory_of_integrated_coastal.html3Edge webhttp//www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-16_u-140_t-414_c-1451/coastal-management/nsw/coastal-management/issues-in-australian-environments/geographical-issues-physical-environmentshttps//www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/6_Common_Prob lems.pdfhttps//www.environment.gov.au/science/soe/2011-report/11-coasts/2-major-issueshttp//www.wordhippo.com/what-is/another-word-for/international.htmlhttp//www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-16_u-140_t-414_c-1451/coastal-management/nsw/coastal-management/issues-in-australian-environments/geographical-issues-physical-environmentshttps//www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/6_Common_Problems.pdfhttps//www.environment.gov.au/science/soe/2011-report/11-coasts/2-major-issues

Business Essays Entrepreneur Education Natural

Business Es translates Entrepreneur Education NaturalEntrepreneur Education NaturalIntroductionThe intention of this written report is to discuss whether entrepreneurs are born, that is, they withstand in here(predicate)nt, natural in-born endowments to become and succeed as entrepreneurs or they are the growths of the machination and the acquisition of entrepreneurship that they postulate been taught in schools and colleges. This, of curriculum, is non a new controversy it has been debated for a long time and by different wad from different backgrounds.Some aspects of this debate are discussed below in the recap of the literature on the subject. It is tempting, no doubt, to follow in this matter of the debate too, Alexander Popes advice on the forms of government and get on with a interchange and analysis of the concept and implications of entrepreneurship without tarrying to find an answer to the query whether entrepreneurship is a god-given holding or a man- clear ar tistic productionefact.However, it is found prudent and even sanely necessary in the matter of discussing the topic of this essay, to follow the sage dictum attri stilled to the amiable character, Sir Roger de Coverly of Addisons Essays, that much whitethorn be said on twain sides of the question . Much indeed raise be said astir(predicate) the qualities of entrepreneurship being implanted in a person by Nature herself as in the case of Sir Alan Sugar in UK or Ophrah Winfry in USA. And much also can be said to counter this view with many examples of enceinte entrepreneurial accomplishment by college-educated entrepreneurs. In a few paragraphs below we verify these points of view with some select appropriate examples.Entrepreneurs by natural endowmentsThe US is a land of entrepreneurs. From Benjamin Franklin to Ben Jerry, William Penn to Bill Gates, Eli Whitney to Oprah Winfrey, famous entrepreneurs, two historical and contemporary, sullener insight and inspiration finished their stories. The discoverers of the American continent themselves were entrepreneurs of a high up calibre. It is not necessary to take any stand on a dispute whether it was Christopher Columbus or Amerigo Vespucci who discovered America, for both of them were in-born entrepreneurs.The hall-mark of an entrepreneur commonly authorized by economist writers on the subject is the propensity of the person to start and manage an opening, with great risk and uncertainty being constant, in-built companions as it were, of the enterprise from the very(prenominal) moment of its commencement and later all through and throughout its journey towards achievement a kind of risk incorporating within itself the possibility of losing cardinals name, reputation, may be ones entire wealth and friends, and even life itself.Cassen remarks that According to hindquarterstillon the entrepreneur is a specia contestation in taking on risk. He insures workers by buying their products (their labor ser vices) for resale before consumers have indicated how much they are willing to pay for them. The workers receive an assured income, while the entrepreneur bears the risk caused by price fluctuations in consumer markets. This idea was refined by the U.S. economist Frank H. Knight, who distinguished between risk, which is insurable, and uncertainty, which is not. Risk relates to recurring events whose relative frequency is kn ingest from bygone experience, while uncertainty relates to unique events whose probability can only be subjectively estimated (Casson).Knight is said to have postulated that while the entrepreneurs can lay off risks much like insurance companies do (with their law of large numbers), they have to bear the uncertainties themselves. They are prepared to do this because the profit of the enterprise compensates them for the mental costs involved. Casson goes on to say that Joseph Schumpeter took a different approach, emphasizing the role of innovation. According to Schumpeter, the entrepreneur is someone who carries out new combinations by such things as introducing new products or cropes, identifying new export markets or sources of supply, or creating new types of organization.Schumpeter fall ined a heroic vision of the entrepreneur as someone motivated by the dream and the will to found a private kingdom the will to conquer the impulse to fight, to prove oneself superior to others and the joy of creating.(Casson) This dream and vision attribute of a Schumpeterian entrepreneur to found a private kingdom all his own seems to be a latter day echo of Marx-Engels pas seul of the entrepreneur (the bourgeois), who cannot exist without constantly revolutionizing the instruments of production and creating such an abundance of wealth, to get rid of which he is in search for new markets by conquest and/or by the more thorough exploitation of the old ones.The take on of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over th e whole surface of the globe. It must(prenominal) nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere (Marx Engels). The burden of the argument in this paragraph has been that an entrepreneur is a person who takes the risks of hardship of an enterprise and by analogy enjoys the benefits from its succeeder.The proclivity to take risk and accept its consequences either for good or bad is largely a natural inclination, and not come by from gushing over voluminous pages of treatises on management. That entrepreneurship is inborn is exemplified by the life history of the famous Sir Alan Sugar. As the story of his life wellspring known, it does not merit repeating here. But what does merit mention here is the overwhelming substantiation of the proposition that entrepreneurial talents are inborn and not induced by school or college cultivation in a survey conducted by the Northeastern Universitys School of Technological Entrepreneurship.Leslie Taylor reports tha t according to the survey conducted by the School, nearly two- threesomes of entrepreneurs claim they were inspired to start their own companies by their innate desire and determination, rather than by their discipline or work experience. Only 1 percent of more than 200 U.S. entrepreneurs surveyed cited higher(prenominal) education as a significant motivator toward starting their own venture, while 61 percent cited their innate drive. Other motivators cited were work experience (21 percent) and success of entrepreneurial peers within their industry (16 percent).Thirty-three percent of respondents launched their first venture between the ages of18 and 30 13 percent between 30 and 40 and only 12 percent started their first telephone line after the age of 40 (Taylor). The Survey also shed some light on the mental trait of risk on which a heavy weight has been laid in the context of entrepreneurship. The survey found that that the majority of entrepreneurs were confident about the su ccess of their first venture.Thirty-two percent said they had no fear that their venture would not succeed, while 42 percent had some fear but characterized themselves as confident. Only 14 percent said they experienced significant fear that their first venture would fail, while 12 percent said fear of failure delayed their leap into entrepreneurship (Taylor). The survey findings are significant in so far as they indicate that the innate desire to become an entrepreneur cannot mostly be taught however, what may be called the entrepreneurship learnings can be taught, to a consideration of which I turn now.Skills required for an entrepreneurIt has been mentioned above the entrepreneurship requires certain skills. In this persona I offer up to discuss some of the skills unremarkably considered as being necessary for one to become a successful entrepreneur. It is a truism to say that getting a assembly line off the ground successfully requires a combination of a sound business con cept, skill, effort, and timing. Apart from the purely idiosyncratically individualistic factors that may motivate one to launch oneself as an entrepreneur, it has been noted that successful entrepreneurs normally have a number of similar skills and characteristics.Colette Henry et al citing Hisrich and Peters (1998) categorize the unlike skills required by entrepreneurs as follows. Technical skills allow ins written and oral communication, practiced management and organizing skills. Business management skills includes planning, decision-making, marketing and accounting skills. Personal entrepreneurial skills includes intragroup control, innovation, risk taking and innovation. In addition, Hisrich and Peters (1998) stress that the emergence of particular skills, namely inner control, risk taking, innovativeness, being change oriented, persistence and visionary leadership, differentiates an entrepreneur from a manager (Henry 2005).Specifically these skills include, first the Pro duct/expertise, that is to say, in order to start, survive and flourish, all businesses need a product that is in require. The would-be entrepreneur needs to have the know-how and industry-specific knowledge of product or service he or she is proposing to provide. He/she should examine what is unique about them, about their product or service, and the experience they have gained throughout their career and how they can present all these to potential clients so that they see the value of what the entrepreneurs have to offer.Strong motivation to achieve is an inseparable skill for an entrepreneur. Working for oneself requires a great amount of dedication, discipline and drive. One must be able to get to work every morning without the support frame-work of a demanding boss or hustling co-workers to keep one going. Another skill requirement is that of marketing and sales. However much one is competent technically, one will have to market and sell oneself.This requires a large measur e of self-confidence not just in ones technical skills but in ones ability to find and land assignments as well. It will be necessary to get potential clients to believe that one is the beat person for this task even before one will get a chance to show off ones technical competence. It is essential for one to have the confidence that he or she is the person who can deliver the special product that meets their customers needs. Integrity and follow-through is another skill that is inseparable for an entrepreneur to succeed.The commitments and promises made to the consumers should be fulfilled honestly and promptly at or before the time when they have been promised to be foole and according to the promised flavor specifications. Any deviation from such promises should be made known to the client well in advance, in any case before the deadline arrives. This skill is an con serial key in building a successful business practice because a happy and satisfied class of customers help to build and enlarge the celestial sphere of ones business. Another skill required is communication skills.Oral and written communication skills are required for networking, marketing, sales presentations, project proposals, project/client management and documentation of the finished product. If one is unable to convey thoughts clearly and concisely in conversation and in writing, it is apt to reduce ones effectiveness as a professional. Associated with the communication skills that a would-be-entrepreneur is expected to have, are the interpersonal skills that he/she should posses. The ability to work with people at all levels of permit and status and all types of persons within ones company is considered a critical requirement for success in getting projects and doing them in a by the way manner.Another required skill is professionalism. The dictum that first impressions are important is to be taken as a statement of fact, because first impressions do authentically count. It wi ll do a lot of good to the company if the entrepreneurs appearance and behaviour make a terrific statement about the high quality of work they can expect from the company. An entrepreneurs appearance is part of his or her marketing package. They should avoid giving people reasons to grumble or think less of them.That an entrepreneur should have a healthy relationship with money sounds like carrying coal to Newcastle because the popular perception is that he or she is out thither to make money. It need not be so, because the attitude to money is a skill that has to be inculcated. Money is one of the means for aliveness well it should not be the be-all-and-end-all of business. If youve started your business just for the money, you may at some point find yourself hating what you do and feeling trapped is a confirmable statement. Prudence would dictate that a business person should treat the money that flows through his or her business with respect or hire someone authentic who will do this for them.Planning skills is yet another skill expected of an entrepreneur. Apart from planning out how to tackle the technical problems of the project, the entrepreneur will need to provide time-estimates for pricing quotes to get business and plan his or her days and weeks effectively to meet the delivery schedule they have committed to. A skill that is important for an entrepreneur is the problem solving skill. An entrepreneur has to tackle many problems in different shapes and sizes. Right from the classical days of Cantillon, the capacity for savvy has been reckoned as a necessary skill for an entrepreneur.If one furrows the business area as a lone wolf, one may not have a colleague around to bounce ideas off or a buddy in the next cubicle for quick answers. One has to handle the challenges on ones own with the resources available, and with the skills that one has been naturally endowed with and also with the skills acquired from ones years of learning of the art and scientific discipline of entrepreneurship from schools and colleges (4D Consulting Center).The presumption here is that the skills of an entrepreneur listed in this paragraph can be taught in schools and imbibed by discerning students. This aspect of the matter, that is, whether these skills and qualities can really be taught is examined in the section flat following this. In the subsequent sections detailed analysis and discussion of the different programmes and content of entrepreneurial education and training are proposed to be made. In the course of discussion of these aspects of education and training, it is also proposed to incorporate a review of the literature pertaining to the specific topic of discussion in that section.Can entrepreneurship really be taught? Can entrepreneurship really be taught is a question that is still debated among some academicians and also practitioners of the profession. But disregarding the debate, entrepreneurship education has been offered by e ducational institutions and been a wanted course of study by many people over the last couple of decades (Sexton et al., 1997). Some countries have developed courses in what can be more often than not termed the field of enterprise and entrepreneurship education in schools and colleges (Gibb 1993b).In the UK, for instance, specific kinds of programmes regarding the concept of enterprise sponsored by both the public and private sectors were developed in the eighties (Gibb 1993b). At the university level, under the Enterprise in Higher Education Initiative, courses were hammered out for training in interpersonal and enterprising skills. It was realised that general skills, on their own, were probably not sufficient for create entrepreneurial traits.Gibb has pointed out that, in order to avoid confusion, it is particularly important to clarify notions of the relationship between enterprise, entrepreneurship, business skills and personal transferable skills in developing an approach to entrepreneurship education (Gibb, 2000). In one of his previous works Gibb has differentiated between entrepreneurship, enterprising behaviour and tiny business management (Gibb 1987a). He defined the entrepreneur in terms of attributes, and the small business manager in terms of tasks.In the US, entrepreneurship education is provided not only by the universities, but also by private consultants and trade associations (Sexton et al 1997) and their contribution in the area of entrepreneurship education has been on the increase in recent times. In addition, research in the area is growing (Gibb 2000). Research has been particularly on the increase at empirical levels in the areas of educational process and structure (Gorman et al 1997).Gorman and colleagues also report that their findings indicate that entrepreneurship can be taught, or if not taught, at least developed by entrepreneurship education. This is in unanimity with the findings of a survey in which US University profes sors were of an overwhelmingly consensus view that entrepreneurship can be taught (Vespers 1982). The same view was found to prevail among a group of 408 entrepreneurship students in Ontario, Canada, who believed that the majority of entrepreneurial traits and abilities can be taught, with abilities seen as being more tame than traits (Kantor 1988).An important opinion that has been expressed is that entrepreneurship being both a science and an art, it is possible to teach the science part of it because it involves skills of the business management job amenable to be taught through the conventional pedagogical approach, while the art part, which relates to the inherent and innovative attributes of entrepreneurship, does not appear to be teachable in the same way (Jack and Anderson 1998).A similar view is expressed by others, Saee (1996) for instance, who evoke that some individuals are naturally talented, whilst others must work hard to achieve the same kind of objectives. Saee is of the view that a curriculum cannot create an entrepreneur, rather it can only demonstrate the process necessary for being successful. The individual will always be responsible for their own success (Saee (1996).This distinction between the science and art of entrepreneurship seems to have stood in the way of developing a holistic programme of entrepreneurship education. Collette Henry et al say that these critics see science as something that is selective, analytical, sequential and fixed while they describe art as generative, provocative, jumping and without constraint. While they do not suggest that the essence or art of entrepreneurship is completely unteachable, they propose that this area has been largely neglected by those involved in delivering entrepreneurship and business courses (Henry, Colette et al).It is incumbent on schools and colleges to develop teachable modules of entrepreneurial attributes, incorporating in them the science and the teachable part of the art of the profession. The challenge for entrepreneurship teachers and trainers, say Henry et al, is to find innovative learning methods that coincide with the requirements of potential entrepreneurs (Henry et al).Training and instruction in entrepreneurship, either in its science component or its arts component, or in both need not be confined to schools and colleges. They can be done through on-the-job methods as has been demonstrated by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M). The 3M Company is 106 years old as of 2008, but is still leading the list of worlds top-ranking innovative companies. Innovation, as explained above is a distinguishing mark of entrepreneurship. If a metaphor can be used here innovation is in the blood of the 3M company.The first tenet of the company is that from the chief executive on down, the company must be committed to innovation. It is acknowledged that in the present age innovation is impossible without a broad base of technology. 3M claims to h ave leading know-how in 42 diverse technologies. That allows researchers to take an idea from one realm and apply it to another (Arndt). In earlier times 3Ms innovation success relied on long-term, individually directed exploratory research projects. Now it is usually the result of team work.One such team work project is called the lede User System, which has reliably produced profitable new products, services and strategies for 3M. It does this at a rate that beats the natural odds. Lead User Teams are made up of four to six individuals with a diverse set of skills from both technical and marketing areas. Dep destination on its focus, a team may have members from procurement, manufacturing or any other functional area. All team members are taught techniques for creating profitable solutions to unjointed customer needs, well in advance of the competition. Lead User Teams are told to welcome ambiguity and uncertainty. They are taught to set their sights on exploring the areas wher e the possibilities for discovery are sterling(prenominal) because the pre-existing knowledge is most slim.The teams must learn to recognize these gaps in understanding as prime locations for generating new products and concepts. The teams are shown how to seek, value and protect ideas that dont reflect business as usual, be it new technologies, applications, strategic relationships, channel partnerships, or service offerings. Team members start by getting present with what we dont know they then work to increase their knowledge base at a greatly accelerated pace, primarily through their contacts with Lead Users and Lead User Experts.The Lead User System achieves success by approaching innovation in a disciplined way. The teams go through a set of phases, retrieving information from specific sources and then collaborating with these sources to create new products, services and strategies (Shor, Rita). From the discussion in this section, it is clear that that it is possible to tea ch the skills, the scientific nuances and even aspects of the art of entrepreneurship, and that it can be done in schools and colleges and also outside them.Teaching Entrepreneurial Skills Colette Henry and colleagues specify at least four circumstances that have compelled, so to say, entrepreneurs and even others who have something to do with business and the economy to familiarise themselves with the tenets of entrepreneurial/business theory. They say At the global level, the reduction of trade barriers and the man of the Euro currency, together with the advancements in telecommunications, technology and transportation, all combine to provide more opportunities, as well as more uncertainty in the world.At the societal level, privatisation, deregulation, new forms of governance, mounting environmental concerns and the growing recognition of the rights of minority groups are all presenting society with greater complexity and uncertainty. At the organisational level, decentralisatio n, downsizing, re-engineering, strategic alliances, mergers and the growing demand for flexibility in the workforce, all contribute to an uncertain climate. Finally, at the individual level, the individual is now faced with a wider variety of employment options, the probability of ending up with a portfolio of jobs, more responsibility at work and more stress.Given the above, it is apparent that, at all levels, there will be a greater need for people to have entrepreneurial skills and abilities to enable them to mickle with lifes current challenges and an uncertain future. Furthermore, whatever their career choice or personal situation, individuals, will be able to benefit from learning an innovative approach to problem solving adapting more readily to change becoming more self-reliant and developing their creativity through the study of entrepreneurship.There is no doubt that in any economic climate such learning could have far stretching benefits for society. It could be argued, therefore, that the need for entrepreneurship education and training has never been greater than now (Henry, Colette et al).The consensus arrived at on the need for entrepreneurship education and training has never been greater has not percolated to the particulars of organising this kind of education and training. For instance, for Gorman et al (1997) the educational objectives, subject matter and pedagogical approach might be expected to vary depending on the nature of the organise audience, while for others such as McMullan and Long (1987), Monroy (1995), OGorman and Cunningham (1997) and others the training needs of an individual will vary according to the particular horizontal surface of development of the enterprise such as awareness, pre- start-up, start-up, growth and maturity.A three-category framework for organising entrepreneurship education has been put forward by Jamieson (1984). His categorisation is in terms of education about enterprise, education for enterprise a nd education in enterprise. The role that education has to play in threes three categories is different. In the first category, education about enterprise, education has to deal mostly with awareness creation, provide information on the various aspects of setting up and running a business mostly from a notional perspective.The business and related modules in this category at all levels of collegiate education seek to foster skills, attitudes and values appropriate to starting, owning, managing or working in a successful business enterprise (Jamieson, 1984). Jamiesons second category, education for enterprise, is concerned with providing the would-be entrepreneurs for a self-employment career, with the intellectual tools specific to setting up and run their own business. Participants are taught the unimaginative skills required for small business set-up and management, and the courses are often geared towards the preparation of a business plan. The third category, education in ente rprise, is designed for imparting management training to established entrepreneurs and focuses on ensuring the growth and future development of the business.Management development and growth training programmes, and also specific product development and marketing courses, are in this category. Training in this category also provides skills and knowledge for people to create their own futures and solve their own problems (Jamieson, 1984,). Garavan and OCinneide (1994) punctuate more on the education and training for small business entrepreneurs, classifying the type of training that they might receive into three categories, which relate specifically to the particular stage of development.The first of these is termed small business awareness education and is normally found in secondary school syllabi. The objective of this type of training is to encourage people to consider small business as a career option. The second category describes education and training for owners of small busi ness, its aim being to provide practical help to those seeking to change over to self-employment. The content of training here would include instruction on raising finance, marketing the product and matters of legal issues. The third kind of education and training in respect of small business is meant to enable people to enhance and update their skills.The content of entrepreneurship programmesEntrepreneurship educators have identified that there are two objectives of entrepreneurship education programmes, which are 1) to increase the awareness and understanding of the process involved in starting and, 2) managing a new business, as well as to increase students awareness of small business ownership as a serious career option. At the initial stage of entrepreneurial development the need is to inculcate, as far as it is feasible, a sense of readiness and capability to venture into the realm of entrepreneurship.Instruction at this stage, therefore, should provide opportunities to act i n an entrepreneurial manner, as well as an exposure to several real-life entrepreneurs (Cox 1996). Life-history of truly successful entrepreneurs might serve as a guiding-star in the students journey towards reaping the benefits of entrepreneurship. The pains of the poet that Lives of great men remind us/ We can make our lives sublime/.And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time (Henry Wads expense Longfellow, 1807-1882) should be made to resound in their mind frequently. The main focus of training at the start-up stage should be to intensify students resolve to become entrepreneurs.Accordingly instructional tension should be on the development of a viable business plan which should be supported by individualised assistance in the form of financing, networking, or counselling. It is advisable to assist the students in developing their personal characteristics of leadership promoting and strengthening their willingness to invest a significant portion of their sa vings or net worth to get their business started inculcating and hardening their confidence in themselves and their abilities to sustain themselves in business, if or when things get tough prodding them to make their own decisions advising them to adjust their specimen of living at a lower level, if necessary, until their business is firmly established to acquire the traits of a team-player and be willing to commit themselves to long hours of work to make their business work.Hisrich and Peters (1998) examined entrepreneurship programmes from the students perspective. The students were found to be keen to have in the course content the essentials of marketing, finance, operations planning, organisation planning and venture launch planning. They also wished to include as an essential part of the Course all information concerned with obtaining resources. To find out topics considered to be most important by prospective students, Le Roux and Nieuwenhuizen (1996) conducted a survey of 2 20 aspiring entrepreneurs.Their survey revealed that the main areas of interest were practically the same as those mentioned by Hisrich and Peters (1998) and included marketing, entrepreneurship, business planning, management and financial management. From the discussion in this section, it is apparent that the content of the a course on entrepreneurship need to include topics considered as being relevant to the science part of the discipline as also those that would serve to enhance the art component of the discipline. In the following section, I propose to discuss the methods of teaching entrepreneurship.Methods of teaching entrepreneurshipThe literature on the learning methods employed in entrepreneurship education and training programmes mentions a variety of methods, including lectures, video presentations and handouts, case study-based learning, seminars, group discussion and role-plays. Additionally, mention is also made about both traditional and non-traditional approaches t o learning. Traditional methods are said to focus mainly on theory and a didactic approach and some writers are critical of their acceptation as a teaching method, because in their view they are inappropriate in the teaching of entrepreneurship (Davies and Gibb 1991).This view is endorsed by others, Young (1997) for example, who say that a theoretical approach is not relevant to teach a subject which deals almost exclusively with activity, implying that the experience and practical skills for entrepreneurs are not something that can be acquired through conventional teaching methods. Against the contention of these writers, others like Shepherd and Douglas (1996) criticise the use of the less traditional methods like role play, simulation and problem solving, competition that, in the classroom guidelines are to be provided to promote creative entrepreneurial thinking, but the modern methods of teaching encourage only logical thinking which is inappropria

Intensity Of Competitive Rivalry Marketing Essay

Intensity Of Competitive Rivalry selling EssayFraser Neave Holding Bhd has 3 business portfolios which be light inebriety, dairies point of intersection and place. The soft discombobulate piece has developed its own brands such as 100Plus and Seasons. Dairies product di trance is producing seraphic condensed draw, evaporated draw, pasteurised milk, UHT milk, juice and ice cream. FN properties is to unlock the prize of land acquired and held by the club.There argon external purlieual figures will affect the company to achieve their perpetration which catogorized under PEST section. An economic factor affected the company harvest-tide which subsidy of sugar is being removed(p) by government.Porters 5 forces used to evaluate the industry competitive environment. There are little terror of impudently entrants, threat of substitute products, bar elaborationing power of purchasers, bargaining power of suppliers and Rivalry among real firm. 100Plus has developed stro ng brand and gain 88% of merchandise share which posted entry barrier to newborn entrant. Soft drink and Dairies products are very less degree of differentiation with competitors. Therefore, buyers are al menialed to liken product especially price is factor buyers considered the most. Those suppliers who sleek over getting sugar subsidy have immenseer power because many companies are looking for reject sugar price. In addition, there are few big players in boozing and dairy farm farm product in the industry, the intensity of competition is very strong.GE exemplar was applied to evaluate collectiveness of different business portfolios. Economic was used as industry attractiveness factor and brand strength as business strength. FN properties doesnt have strong brand among the property industry. But the company has strong brand such as 100Plus, Season and likewise sweetened condensed milk in Malaysia. However, the economic factor wasnt always favourable to all division.Eff iciency and Effectiveness in utilizing liabilities in funding cogitate assets of business portfolio is evaluated by symmetry psychoanalysis. The company portfolios have graduate(prenominal) current ratio because the liabilities have reduced. And 100Plus has gain over 88% of market share in the isotonic drink segment. entranceFraser Neave holding Bhd. (FN) was in corporald at year 1883 when founders John Fraser and David Chalmers Neave formed a company named Singapore Straits Aerated Water Company in Singapore. a couple of(prenominal) years later, FN was consolidated and enter the food beverage industry. FN has its own vision to become the leading total beverage company in Malaysia and the region and their mission is to be a world-class multinational enterprise providing superior returns to their shareholders, small value for their guests and a rewarding career for their employees.FN Company is one of the Malaysia well know beverage company which the famous product is the iso tonic drinks 100plus launched at year 1984. FN produce wide take off of beverage that can be classified as soft drinks, dairies, non-carbonated beverages as well as separate business property. They were launching the sweetened condensed filled milk in year 1973, and the acquisition of Nestls keep milk business in Thailand and Malaysia in year 2007. Other than that FN high quality canned milk was also gain excellent reputation in Malaysia. This product is mammothly use as beverage mixers in coffee, tea and chocolate drinks and now canned milk has successfully to export this product to more than than than than than 20 countries around the world. In addition, the halal certification passings strong reassurance to Muslim customers in the growing Halal markets in the Middle East and Africa.FN Company was awarded The Readers last Trusted Brand from year 2005 to 2008, Media Magazine Top 1000 Asian Brands 2007 and so on. It proves that their customer was confident when victimisat ion their products since they are concern about their wellness and safety quality. FN Company was continuously improve their quality and brands to challenges the marketplace and to become the leader.FN Company is also well-known company that caring about the social environment and working environment. They implemented and executed various environmental stewardship and launched numerous recycling campaigns in schools to inculcate trustworthy environmental habits among young people and thus, create sensation on the importance of recycling. FN Company also set-up a RM1.2 trillion funds named Chairmans Award to encourage educational excellence and to identify high-achievers among children of FN Groups employees. FN Company has accomplished a safety record of zero accident (no loss time accident) accumulated from 1 February 2007 to 21 September 2009 with a total 962 days or 2.3 million working hours. Zero environmental compliance status has achieved.FN Company has three main businesse s which are soft drinks, dairy products and property.(Fn.com.my, About us)Soft DrinkFN Beverages Marketing Sdn Bhd represent Malaysias largest soft drinks manufacturer and distributor. There are four manufacturing plants nationwide, including its state of the art facility at its headquarters in Shah Alam, Selangor. Their products are 100PLUS, FN Fun Flavours, FN Originals, SEASONS, crosspatch kitty and Fruit Tree.The company operated in 1936 when FN Ltd wined the franchise of Coca-Cola in Singapore and Malaysia. Later that FN Coca-Cola (M) Sdn Bhd (FNCC) was born and license agreement would end in September 2011, the company renamed as FNBM. In Malaysia, 100PLUS is a outstanding local anesthetic success story, cover 90 perpenny share of the isotonic drinks market and also the No.1 ready to drink (RTD) brand in Malaysia. For non-carbonated portfolio, SEASONS is currently No.2 in Asian drinks category while Fruit Tree continue to grow within the juice segment.The soft drinks divis ion perform well during the festive periods and continue to pursue world class excellence in distribution so that the products are readily available with decoct on market execution. Over the years, FNBM has used few strategic measures that emphasize on its brand presence by invested in advertising and promotions, product availableness and operational efficiency. In April 2010, FNBM was selected to become distributor of Red Bull energy drinks in Malaysia and has improved FNBMs beverage portfolio. (Fn.com.my, Soft drink)Dairies ProductsFN Dairies (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd has produced variety of products such as sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, pasteurised milk, UHT milk, juice and ice cream.In 1959, FNs dairy business had constructed Southeast Asias first sweetened condensed milk plant in Petaling Jaya while joint venture with Beautrice Foods of Chicago, USA. The stock Company from US joined the participatorship in 1965 to form Premier Milk as the manufacturing arm.The Group co ntinually pursues product innovation and invention, more products adding into portfolio and subsequently that the Group had a successful journey into ice cream business. In 1989, the Group purchased the interests of Beatrice Foods and re scoreingd its dairy operations under FN Dairies (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. It was expanded further with the acquisition of Magnolia in 1995. In 1998, the Group started its pasteurised business.Today, FNs dairies division has a vision of being Malaysias leading dairy and food marketer with world class products, standards and capabilities forming part and part of its offerings. In 2011, FN Dairies (Malaysia) disposed off its entire ice cream business to FN Creameries (M) Sdn Bhd. (Fn.com.my, Dairies Product)PropertyFN Properties is one of business unit of Fraser Neave Holdings Berhad, the purpose is to further add in value of land acquired and held by the company by developing into real estate property. The very first property developed at Jalan Foss by FN is the causality FN factory land that has been developed into for commercial use which called Fraser pipeline Park. The development is leaded by FNs underlying philosophy which is being socially responsible corporate citizen. The key value of the business unit lies within the emphasizing of creating advance(a) design with high class application towards the development, leaving its occupant a musical note of the modern and future alike features.FN Properties is expected to launch more properties in the future as its properties units are being recognized to be fill with innovative design and product development that particularly focus on FN brand name feature. In the far future, the division will focus on redeveloping of experienceing Premier Milk plant into a landmark in Petaling Jaya.(Fn.com.my, Property)PESTMission To be a world-class multinational enterprise providing superior returns to our shareholders, excellent value for our customers and a rewarding career for our emp loyees.Vision To become the leading total beverage company in Malaysia and the region.Every company has their mission and vision statement served as overall purpose of business. The mission and vision statement above are set by FN. There are external environmental issues have or will affect FN to achieve their mission. These external environmental issues are being categorized according to PEST(EL) model. PEST(EL) model is to analyze the external environment issues of company. It categorized environment issues into political, economic, social, technological, ecological and legal influences.EconomicImproving growth prospect of Malaysia, Thailand and the region brings more income to FN as is signals economy are in good condition and peoples are willing to spend hence will increase gross revenue in that particular region. The growth prospects include rising of Malaysia GDP in year 2010 that is approximately 10% analyze to 4.5% in 2009 that rise from some major factor of manufacturing i ndustry yield with a double digit growth of 16.9% in year 2010. ASEAN countries are growing quick in their economy thus putting FN a favourable factor in growing of improvements.(Annual field 2009 pg 013) FN has built up positive consumer sentiment to their product. For example 100PLUS, isotonic drink that is specialized for sportsmen to retain the metabolism. It is a concept well-built that it is voted number 1 isotonic drinks in Malaysia since its introduction in 1983. That well-built positive sentiment brings others drinks of FN to be well marketable. It is the consumer sentiment to the products intensifyd the get ahead world power factor of FN towards other competitor thus is at an wages in the market. (Annual Report 2010 pg 043 044)PoliticalGovernment had put initiative to get on spending of consumer with new economic model (NEM), with this model being pursue, Malaysia economic boost as consumer purchasing power increases and are advised to spend. FN will get benefit by provide goods to be sold to the market hence boosting sales.FN products are all Halal hence are entitled for Halal Hub Tax Incentive. The incentive offered had decreased FN some percentage of tax li ability to the government. It made FN more profitable compare to those companies which does not qualified for the incentive. (Annual Report 2011 pg 028)Government has removed subsidy of fuel and sugar has put an cushion to FN as most of the FN spunk businesses needed large amount of sugar which is dairies and soft drink business. The withdrawal of sugar subsidy lower the overall profit of the FN although there is a large improve a sales but the profit doesnt show much improvement as the sugar equal increases. Withdrawals of fuel subsidy did also impact on FN as the appeal of their internal and external distribution cost increases thus reduces profit. (Annual Report 2011 pg 037)TechnologicalIn the beginning of 2011, FN introduced new product, Ice Mountain and it has faster share gain among bottler waters player which schematic 5% market share in Malaysia. (Annual Report 2011 pg 035)FN launched new beverage Zesta across Malaysia in October 2011.Zesta has remarkably great tasting berry soda flavored soda. It contents the Guarana tropical berries that originate from Amazon, South America. In addition, Guarana tropical berries invigorate the body and mind. Zesta is an extension of our already large array of FN beverages, a beverage that was initiated to complement our existing range of FN brands, creating a transition vehicle for our growing band of consumers, said Dato Ng Jui Sia, chief executive officer of Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd. FN believes that Zesta is the illustration of growing trends for beverage enhanced soda. (Zesta 2011)EnvironmentalSichuan Earthquake of May 2008 has caused the raw material cost increase and companys profit is affected. subjective disaster is beyond expectation and control of the company. improvement before interest and tax in 200 8 grew only 5%. This environmental factor has affected company to achieve their mission. Natural disaster would serve as obstacle that FN provide superior returns to shareholders. (Annual Report 2008 pg 052)Porters 5 forcesToday, Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd (FN) has extended business at more than 20 countries worldwide and established itself as a regional player. So that, FN need use Porters five forces model to analysis and understanding the nature of the competitive environment. FN has a lot of benefits from using Porters five forces model. They can ensure that management considers a wide range of potential impacts when devising strategy. They allow the division of the work in environmental analysis and make decision in time. In addition, Porters five forces also help to develop effective strategies to raise FN profitability, power, and competitive position in an industry. Porters five forces is divided up into threat of entry, intensity of competitive rivalry, threat of substitut e product, bargaining power of buyer and bargaining power of suppliers.Threat of entryThreat of entry is new entrants into market will bring extra capacity and intensify competition. The strength of the threat from new entrants will depend upon the strength of the barriers to entry and the likely repartee of existing competition to a new entrant. FN produce two new soft drink FN Clearly Citrus and Zesta were launched in soft drink market at year 2011. Zesta and FN Clearly Citrus was getting customer support and the new produces also have a higher(prenominal) demand from the buyer. Zesta sales would attract other competitors enter into tsoda market, it will be posted a threat on FN market sales. (Zesta 2011)Bargaining power of supplierBargaining power of suppliers rendering with the stronger power of suppliers in an industry the more difficult it is for firms within that sector to make a profit. It is because suppliers can determine the terms and conditions on which business is con ducted. near of the products are contented sugar, sugar is essential for output. Malaysian Government has removed sugar subsidies on selective basis and subsidy for Dairies Malaysia was removed. Increased of sugar cost and global commodity cost forced price of Sweetened Condensed Milk increased by 25%. However, sugar subsidy was removed on selective basis which means FN can look for suppliers whose sugar subsidies werent removed. In addition, competitors will also await for new suppliers and it whitethorn not easy to reduce cost as low as before.Apart from that, FN may have to concern about any switching cost for current suppliers.Bargaining power of buyerBargaining power of buyer sense of the powerful buyer can force price cuts and quality improvement. The government removed sugar subsidy, FN material cost increased and affected the product selling price increased. In 2011, Sweetened Condensed Milk has increased 25% of the price which cause the demand reduced. Revenue and profit was decline during the year. Buyers also have full information about the soft drink and dairy product market. They should know which company product cheaper, more health and outstrip quality. FN need to retain the customer by improving product quality and introduce new product. Buyers always have different choice for their beverage and dairy product. Apart from that, same type of competitors product will be display nearby companys products. For example, Jusco will be placing same type of products together which allowed buyers to search easily. There is low switching cost for buyers. Beside, degree of product differentiation is low which customer may feel all brands are similar. This threat is more difficult to control, because FN management need to concentrate on changing buyers preference and also maximize the shareholders wealth.Threat of substitute productPorters 5 forces have indicated that the threat of substitute product is the other firms within the industry has offers simi lar product with similar benefits for the customer. This threat may affects the competitive environment of the company and influence our ability to achieve profitability.On FN Magnolia have offers Pasteurised Milk and Sterilised Milk. The range of the customers is children and adults. The Pasteurised Fresh Milk can be enjoyed chilled or warm, plain or mixed with other foods or beverages and they innovate into Lo-Fat Hi-Cal Milk provide less fat and more healthier of the Fresh Milk for our body. However, Marigold has offers HL Milk is low-fat milk No.1 in Malaysia. HL Milk has perfect balance of nutrients for everyone in the family and it consists high in calcium and protein, low in fat and lactose and fortified with 9 essential vitamins to appendix healthier lifestyle. Marigold HL Milk is first choice for the customers who are caring health conscious. FN should innovation their milk product provide more healthy to attract or retain consumer choices.Another competitor is Dutch Lady has provided a Dutch Lady Milk powder for satisfy customer needs who want mix it with other coffee or tea favour and it has a rich and creamy taste and allowed to dilute in piquant or cold water easily. Furthermore, Dutch Lady also has provided different formulations to cater to children of different ages to promote their brain development and healthy growth. Therefore, most of the spawn would choose Dutch Lady Milk products of their children rather than choose FN milk products.FN SEASONS offers soft drink products are leaders in countrys most comprehensive range of consumer, catering to every occasion. The Soya range provides protein nourishment while the Chrysanthemum and Grass Jelly provides healthier refreshment with less sugar let FN SEASONS become best quality and healthy drinks. However, they are having lesser favors for the customer choose. YEOS have more favors, such as Lychee drink, Sugarcane drink, Bandung Rose drink, coconut juice, soursop drink and guava drink for th e customer to choice. Hence, consumers who are Sugarcane drink lover may change its option to YEOS products.Although there are many competitors for isotonic drink, 100Plus still able to gain over 88% of the market share. Company has done a lot promotion for 100Plus which the reason 100Plus is successfully gain more than half of the market share. (Annual Report 2010 pg 036)Intensity of competitive rivalryIntensity of competitive rivalry among competitors in the industry strives to companies to gain competitive advantage over the rivals and drives the profit of the rivals firm to zero. The company can gains the competitive advantage by several ways, such as pricing policy, improving the products differentiation with other and exploiting relationships with suppliers. If can gain more competitive advantage over competitors can increase the profitability of the company.FN only provided soft drink products and dairy products, appears less competitive advantage compare with others. Nowada ys, people more have health conscious when they buying products may choice to buy the products which consists more nutrition. In food and beverage industry also have many company has provide more diet product to satisfied the requirements of the different customers.Dutch Lady Low Fat Yoghurt is a healthy snack and it will enhance the absorption of nutrients, ensuring digestive system stays healthy. It contains Vitamin A, C and E, calcium and Active Live Cultures.In Addition, the Marigold have offer the Yogurt and cultured milk Vitagen which have consists nutrition products for the body. The Vitagen has billions of live probiotic cultures to helps maintain a healthy digestive system. Probiotic cultures in VITAGEN can withstand bile and blistering stomach juices and reach the intestines alive to fight harmful bacteria in the intestines. Furthermore, the Yoghurt contains live and active cultures help digestion and promote a healthy digestive system and calcium for the development of strong bones and teeth. Marigold also has offers Jelly is a great-tasting double-layered jelly that is filled with fresh fruits. Its cool and refreshing taste makes it great for everyone in the family and contains no preservatives and is a healthy alternative to fruits after a hearty meal. This makes Marigold become Malaysias first and only pasteurised Jelly.Beside, sugar subsidy was removed on selective basis which posted unfair competitive environment to FN. And it also created very intense pricing war for soft drink and dairy product. In order to protect the revenue while still retain consumer loyalty, the price of sweetened condensed milk increase 25%.This all is key reasons that the consumer may change favors to this type of products. To gain competitive advantage, FN should provide more nutrition products for the customers have more choose.Porters national competitive advantage diamondPorters diamond model suggests that there are inherent reasons why some nations and industrie s within nations are more competitive than others on a global scale. The argument is that the national lieu base of an organisation provides organisations with specific factors which will potentially create competitive advantages on a global scale. (Michael Porter 1990)Porters diamond model consist of four conditions of national advantage which are factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries and firm strategy, structure and rivalry.Factor conditionsFactor condition is about important elements that exist in a company which lead to national competitive advantage. It can be country specific or industry specific.FN Dairies had constructed plant in Pulau Indah cost RM350 million and will be completed within the second half of 2011. The new plant promotes cutting edge green technology which would have big gains in water, energy and environmental conservation. With existence of this plant, FN Dairies could be on the top list of worlds largest producers of cann ed milk. (Annual Report 2011 pg 41)An increase in production line is an advantage of the company. FN had launched a new RM45 million polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monoblock production line which is the first in Asia Pacific. This able to done all the things in only one production line, for example blow bottles, fill and pack all carbonate soft drinks products. (Annual Report 2010 pg 32)FN has the latest innovation and technology that bring advantages to them. With this latest technology, FN can enhance its operations by keep improve production lines. FN can produce more products in effective and efficient way. In addition, the new machineries increase as the production lines increases. The warehouse management system has implemented to make operation work run smoothly. Besides, the introduction of new sales forecasting tools helps in manufacturing, if sales forecast is low, the manufacturer will produce less stock. (Annual Report 2010 pg 36)Supply chain act as an important role in a business. Without supply, production would not be carried out. Improvement in supply chain lead to high efficiency of production and logistic by upgrade the systems. FN introduce higher level of operational automation and inventory management to ensure the manufacturing process has no error. Besides, the product quality management has to make sure that the products are in acceptable quality and safety measures are enhanced in order the product would not harm people. (Annual Report 2010 pg 36)Demand conditionsSecondly, the demand conditions state that if the local market for a product is larger and more demanding at home than in foreign markets, local firms potentially put more emphasis on improvements than foreign companies. This will potentially increase the global competitiveness of local exporting companies.FN non-carbonated portfolio has slightly increased from 25.4 per cent to 28 per cent in soft drinks business. This represent there is a growing demand for drinks. During the year, FN included fruit teas and juices to its range of soft drinks, and launch new drink called Zesta recently catering consumers of this segment. The ability to innovate, differentiate and manufacture new product lines will bring advantages such as gain more market share. (Zesta 2011)FN Fruit Tree released five new flavours in bottle form which are orange, apple, lychee, blackcurrant and mango. As the demand increases, Fruit Tree has becoming one of the fastest growing categories in Malaysia. The new flavours are the extension to the Fruit Tree cans range and the research shows that consumer preference toward these flavours compared to other brand in the market. (Annual Report 2010 pg 36)FN Holding Berhad has built a new warehouse in Kuching which triple larger than previous warehouse capacity to improve the quality of service and make sure delivery to customers is on time. Furthermore, it utilised progress warehousing technology such as high selective racking, super flat flo oring and Very Narrow Aisleway (VNA) trucks. (Annual Report 2009 pg 38)Related and supporting industriesThirdly, the related and supporting industries mean that when local supporting industries and suppliers are competitive, home country companies will potentially get more cost efficient and receive more innovative products.In February 2010, 100PLUS signed a partnership agreement with AirAsia Berhad, officially sell 100PLUS on AirAsia flights which depart from Malaysia. AirAsia Berhad is a Malaysia top airlines company, being a partner of AirAsia Berhad has a real competitive advantage for FN. This agreement is a big step for division to extend business offshore. Passenger dehydration happened frequently in air travel, with 100PLUS the passenger can get over the dehydration. Support from AirAsia is like an advertisement effect, whenever there is a flight, there is an appearance of 100PLUS. (Annual Report 2010 pg 038)Firm strategy, structure and rivalryStructure and management system can affect competitiveness. FN is running beverage and dairies business in addition to food business too. FN buy 23.08 per cent share in Cocoaland Holdings Berhad. Cocoaland is a major snack food manufacturer in Malaysia. FN is diversifying the business risk to various subsidiaries. FN develop the food business to supplement beverage and dairies business. As the Malaysia grow into high income economy country, the consumption of middle income will increase and food business will be benefited. (Annual Report 2010 pg 9)GE model3 portfolio businessPropertyDairy productSoft drinkGE business matrixIndustry Attractiveness- Economic FactorBusiness Strength-Brand StrengthHighMediumLowHighInvestment/ GrowthSoft drinkSelective GrowthSelectivityMediumDairy productSelective GrowthSelectivityHarvest/ forayLowSelectivityProperty businessHarvest/DivestHarvest/DivestFNs business has divided into 3 portfolio and that are Soft Drinks, Dairy Products and Properties. First of all, we will use the envir onmental factor and brand strength as the industry attractiveness factors and business factors benchmark.Soft DrinksFNs pump soft drinks business portfolio will be classified at the classes of selective growth. The company soft drinks 100plus and Zesta are favourite in Malaysia and have helped the company in bringing certain level of stable income.100plus as the companys core product have promoting an active lifestyle and healthy living to consumer. Many events have been run to promote 100plus as it is isotonic drink of choice at major sporting events. 100plus is present at top sports events such as Piala Malaysia Final 2011 100plus Tunku Abdul Razak Cup, KL Marathon 2011 and so on to continue building prestigious images of 100plus to consumers. Profit of division has been growing from year 2007 to 2011. However, sugar subsidy withdrawn by Malaysian Government has major impact on price of sugar. The division has lesser growth rate for year 2011. In addition, global commodity cost has increased which is unfavorable economic factor. Soft Drink division has very high brand strength but economic factors are not really favourable to the division.Dairy ProductsFNs dairy products will be classified at the classes of selectivity. Companys dairy products have included sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, pasteurised milk, UHT milk, juices and ice cream. Dairy Products also suffered from withdrawal of sugar subsidy and global commodity price increased in 2011. FNs dairy products business has classified at selectivity, with medium level of attractiveness and medium business strength on the dairy products.Although the product Milo is popular in Malaysia, Milo is not owned by FN, it was franchised. This product reduces business strength as it is not the only major player in the market. The dairy products will seem less attractive to the investors to consider investing because the deliberate of the milk market is very costly. In addition, the cost for hire workers a nd the cost to obtain technology for producing the dairy products are costly for subsequent production of dairy products. Moreover, the dairy products license also difficult to be approved by the government. mod entrant will find difficult to entry, because the market has been controlled and played by a few major competitors. New entrant will find obstacle to enter to the market as these factors created entry barriers.PropertiesFNs property business is unlocking the value of land holding by the company. The economic factor of the company placed at medium level because volatile commodity and financial market. The company is more concentrated in the soft drink products and has no initiative to promote companys property to the public, not many people knows that FN has already entered into properties. FNs property business is non-comparable with beverage business that seems to be so successful and FNs property business strength is low in this industry. The property business that has h igh profitability in the industry will attract more investors to invest. The government encourage removing of old building and build more new business park in order to bring in more prosperity to our country. Moreover, our property business is at growth breaker point because it is newly introduced into the industry, hence it does not have strong business strength on the property business.Ratio analysis and Key performance IndicatorsRevenue of continuing operation continues to grow from 2009 to 2010 by 11.2% and 2010 to 2011 7.6%. In 2010, the revenue is able to grow better than 2011 due to improved economic conditions. Malaysia Government has

Gays in the Military Essay -- Homosexual Gay Lesbian

For nearly 50 years, it has been the U.S. militarys official constitution to exclude homo informals from service. In November 1992, President - elect Clinton told Americans that he plotted to lift the militarys long - standing ban on jovials and lesbians. Homosexual men and women, he said, should not be prevented from serving their country based on their sexual orientation. Soon after taking office in 1993, Clinton faced powerful military and congressional opposition to lifting the ban. General Colin Powell, then - chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Senator surface-to-air missile Nunn, who was chairman of the Senate Armed Forces Committee between 1987 an 1994 and left Congress in 1996, announced that they would seek to block his attempts to lift the ban.For the next six months, debate raged oer what to do about the militarys ban on gays and lesbians. Clintons liberal supporters penuryed him to follow through on his promise to lift the ban, urging the need to end dissimila rity against gays and lesbians. Conservatives, military leaders and some righteousnessmakers of both parties argued that the presence of declared homosexuals in the armed forces would be detrimental to military readiness. They said that letting gays and lesbians serve would remove all morale and erode good discipline and order. Ban opponents maintained that gay people were capable men and women who should be allowed to serve their county.In July 1993, a compromise policy was struck between supporters and opponents of the ban. The compromise, known as dont ask, dont tell, allowed gays and lesbians to serve in the military as long as they did not proclaim their quirkiness or engage in Homosexual conduct. Under the policy, military commanders would not try to find out the sexual orientation of the power, and gay and lesbian personnel would not disclose their sexual orientation. The policy marked a change from past practice in that simply being homosexual was no long-acting a disqu alifier for military service. Conservatives saw the change as a regrettable relaxation of the absolute ban on gay people. Liberals were dissatisfied because the new policy still allowed the military to oust gays and lesbians if they revealed their orientation.While some liberals disagree with the policy, arguing that it punishes gays and lesbians for engaging in the same kinds of behavior that heterosexuals are fre... ...for the rest of society. If the federal organization itself discriminates against gay people, they say, that sends a powerful message to other employers and to society at large ConclusionIve discovered in doing this report that some opposition to gay peoples military service is based on moral concerns. I feel that many people believe that homosexuality is wrong and do not want the federal government to appear to condone it by allowing gays and lesbians to serve openly. Some observers point out that gay people have not yet been amply accepted and integrated into s ociety at large. They say that asking the military to accept gays and lesbians is simply asking too much.ReferenceIssues and Controversies Gays in the military, Facts on agitate News Service(1999), Retrieved from http//www.facts.com/icof/i00062.htmRobinson, B.A. Gays in the military Dont ask, Dont Tell, (2000) Retrieved from http//www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mili.htmSteffan, Joseph Gays in the Military Joseph Steffan verses the United States, (2001)A.P.A Newsletter (1997) Retrieved from www.apa.udel.edu/apa/archive/newsletters/v97n1/law/military.asp

Religion in Joshua and The Children :: Joshua and The Children Essays

Religion in Joshuaand The Children Herms question, Josh, what do you think of Religion? becomes the beginning of a uttermost of both joy and conflict for Joshua as he is then often encountered with many related questions and, later, contradiction from the Church. These questions all lead to similar answers, in which Joshua expands on his ideas. And because of this further discussion, its important to read all of his responses throughout the book in order to understand his reply and to intelligently decide to agree or disagree. Therefore, my reaction to Joshuas reply is based on everything he said concerning religion. The question arises from a discussion between Pat, Herm, and Joshua concerning his lifestyle. They are walking home from breakfast at the diner and the other two are interested in why Joshua doesnt mind living alone. Dont you get lone(a) living by yourself? Herm asks (72). But Joshua explains to them that he values the serenity of living alone. He tells them that he fanny peacefully enjoy the beauty of nature remote and the animals also keep him company at times. But the main reason why Joshua neer feels alone is that God is always with him, loving him always, and will never abandon him No. I like being by myself God is with us all the time (72). Pat and Herm agree but still can not imagine living alone without any feeling of loneliness and this discussion of God leads to Herms question. Joshuas response is similar to a oration or speech, and is over a page in length he is firm in these beliefs and reiterates them several times throughout the book. He is very prompt for the question before saying a word he asks, the way it religion is or the way God intended it to be? (73). And when he is sure of the latter, releases everything privileged him, as if he was just waiting to explain what people had been doing wrong. His main point is that saviour wanted to free those under the pressure of rules in their religions and offered a comforting God who loved them, asking only for honor and worship in return. Joshua is also disappointed in the way the clergy preside over their congregations Jesus did not envision bosses He wanted his apostles to guide and serve, not to dictate and legislate (74).